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Ballot under bayonet Naxal menace |
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Killer tobacco
Poll panel’s credibility
English, local and global
How Tokyo beat Paris in a
very French game India calling: ‘brain gain’ is a reality Delhi Durbar
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Ballot under bayonet THE eagerly awaited elections for the Pakistan National Assembly (parliament) and the four provincial assemblies are finally over. The polls were held under unprecedented security arrangements. Yet, at least 10 people were killed in election-related violence with a PML (N) candidate losing his life in Lahore on Sunday evening. However, the situation was reported to be almost under control. On the flip side, the fear of violence made people remain indoors, particularly in the NWFP, where the voter turnout was hardly 30 per cent. A low turnout elsewhere, too, raised the comfort level of President Musharraf’s PML (Q) and its allies like the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM). There have been allegations of rigging and pre-poll rigging. In case the fortunes of the PPP led by Benazir Bhutto’s husband Asif Ali Zardari and Mr Nawaz Sharif’s PML (N) are not affected by the rigging, these parties may not protest much. Things will be clear only after the results are out. If the Chaudhary Shujaat Hussain-led PML (Q) and its allies succeed in recapturing power, despite all predictions to the contrary, Pakistan is bound to face country-wide protests mainly by the PPP and the PML (N). The two principal Opposition parties cannot accept the victory of the Musharraf-backed party. President Musharraf may be in a comfortable position if the polls lead to a hung assembly, as some political pundits predict. But the formation of a government in Islamabad by the PPP and the PML (N), which is one of the possibilities, will mean a serious power struggle between the President and the Prime Minister. All the past controversial decisions of Musharraf, including his own election as President by the outgoing assemblies and the dismissal of former Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammad Chaudhry, will be under scrutiny. If Musharraf is pushed to the wall he may hit back with all the powers at his command. Under the constitution, the President can dismiss the prime minister and his Cabinet. These are really difficult times for Pakistan. |
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Naxal menace THE precision with which a group of 500 Naxalites killed 15 policemen and looted two armouries simultaneously at Nayagarh and Daspalla in Orissa on Saturday showed how the state government was totally clueless about the entire operation. This not only exposed its patent failure to check the increasing menace of the Naxalites but also the appalling lack of coordination between the intelligence and police authorities in tackling the problem. Nayagarh is barely 100 km away from Bhubaneshwar, the state capital. Yet, the intelligence personnel failed to alert the police and civil authorities about the strikes. Surprisingly, instead of owning up their failure, the intelligence officials have been passing the buck to the police, maintaining that their duty was limited to giving a broader picture of the menace and not spoon-feeding the police on the Naxalite activities on a day-to-day basis. The latest incident, by far the most gruesome, has stunned the state. While the armouries, police stations and pickets have become vulnerable to Naxalite strikes, the people are scared about their life and property. The home secretary seems to be taking consolation in his own claim that the police has killed 20 Maoists the day after. Such claims are unconvincing. The state police is neither familiar with the hilly terrain nor properly trained in guerrilla warfare. Though the CRPF and the Greyhounds from Andhra Pradesh are helping the state police to flush out the Maoists, the Naxalites’ biggest advantage lies in the huge munitions looted — over 1,000 weapons, including AK-47s, light machine guns and carbines. On his part, Union Home Minister Shivraj Patil’s claims that he does not consider the Maoists as the “biggest security threat” to the country. This is callous and irresponsible, to say the least. It runs counter to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s repeated assertions in various fora about the magnitude of the Naxalite threat. For a well-coordinated response to the Maoist menace in all the affected states, the home minister would do well not to make such misleading statements. |
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Killer tobacco A NEW study has found that Indians are more susceptible to the harmful effects of tobacco and that the addiction is set to claim an overwhelming 10 lakh lives a year from 2010. No less a figure than Professor Amartya Sen has called for “immediate public action” to stem deaths from what he rightly calls an “entirely preventable” cause. Researchers conducting the study, the results of which have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine, have been surprised by the results as Indians start smoking later and smoke less. The reasons are unclear, but doctors have found that Indians already have a high rate of heart and respiratory diseases, and smoking compounds the vulnerability. The study has found that most tobacco addicts die not of cancer, but of diseases like tuberculosis and other respiratory and heart ailments. The Union Health ministry is headed by a minister who has already led anti-smoking initiatives which have been quite controversial. These new findings will perhaps strengthen his hand. In any case, there is broad consensus that the squeeze on smoking in public spaces is a welcome trend and should be enforced strictly. Other measures being contemplated, like large, graphic, “in-your-face” warnings on cigarette packs, will also help. It is also a fact that while cigarette smoking is coming down, consumption of other tobacco products like gutka is on the increase. Effective regulation should be extended to these products as well. Passive smokers are subjected to an assault of toxins on a regular basis in most place. The study has reportedly found that less than two per cent of adult smokers in India quit. Smokers have to be encouraged to quit, the earlier the better. It is here that innovative models have to be developed for any “public action” that is possible. It must be made easier and cheaper to gain access to everything from psychological support to nicotine-substitute products and anti-smoking medication. |
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How often misused words generate misleading thoughts.
— Herbert Spencer |
Poll panel’s credibility The BJP has been repeatedly carrying out a campaign against Election Commissioner Navin Chawla. This appears motivated more for political purposes and, therefore, guided by vested interests. It must be emphasised that such a politically-motivated attack on a constitutional functionary like a member of the Election Commission has very grave implications. This would definitely compromise the mechanism of holding free and fair elections, so vital for a true democracy. I have known Mr Navin Chawla since 1980 when I was the Secretary in the Labour Ministry from 1981 to 1985. He worked with me as my Deputy Secretary till 1984. There were some adverse remarks against him by the Shah Commission. Incidentally, I was dealing with this commission’s report as Additional Secretary in the Home Ministry during 1978-1981. The late Pimputkar, the then Chief Vigilance Commissioner, did not recommend any action against him. His work in the Ministry of Labour was very good and, therefore, he got an assignment in the International Labour Organisation in Bangkok. He did not give me the impression that he was getting benefited from his association with the Nehru-Gandhi family, which was alleged by many, both from within the services and from outside. As Cabinet Secretary in 1986, this writer again came in contact with him because of his work with the anti-leprosy movement. He was not only very active but had also established a close rapport with Mother Teresa. I had the pleasure of presiding over a function in October 1988 when a book written by him on leprosy-affected persons was released by her. We remained in touch with each other even after my retirement in 1992, owing to my association with a non-government organisation dealing with leprosy matters. When, therefore, one noticed the BJP campaign against him after he was appointed Election Commissioner in May 2005, it appeared that prima facie this was unfair to a civil servant. As he had worked with me as a junior colleague I, therefore, made very extensive inquiries during my many usual trips to Delhi to find out the facts. Mr Navin Chawla’s family is based in Delhi and his parents had extensive contacts and social relationships on a very wide scale. To this should be added the fact that he belongs to the IAS cadre of the Union Territories, which included Delhi. It was, therefore, but natural that he should come into contact with very influential members and families of Delhi, which naturally included the Nehru-Gandhi family. Add also the fact that his wife Rupika is a painter and artist, an expert in her own right. She, therefore, happened to come into contact with Mrs Sonia Gandhi who herself is an expert artist. It was but natural in the Mugal Darbar-like Delhi that both Navin and Rupika came to be perceived in the popular and official mind to be close to the Nehru-Gandhi family. He does not appear to have received any special favour. It should also be mentioned that during the 1998-2004 period, when the NDA government was in power, he was empanelled for appointment as Additional Secretary and Secretary to the Government of India. The UPA government gave him secretaryship in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, may be because he was a Joint Secretary there in the past. As for his appointment as Election Commissioner, there was nothing unusual. This is the privilege of the government and naturally depends on its choice. This should not be construed as favouritism. Otherwise the selection of the Chief Election Commissioner and every Election Commissioner will have to be treated similarly. And logically, the same arguments can also be made to any prize posting in the government. As for the charge that he received from Congress MPs grant from MPLADS, it was found that only five MPs could give such a grant to him, and, of them, three Congress MPs and one BJP MP gave the grant. The land for the construction of the building of the leprosy trust founded by him was in no way on favourable terms. The NGO with which I am associated had to specifically verify this fact as an offer was made to it for leasing out some portion of the building. There is no merit in the BJP’s objection to the appointment of Mr Navin Chawla as Election Commissioner, and the party’s objection, if at all be taken, can only be regarding his work as Election Commissioner. I was the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister late in 1989 when the Election Commission became a multi-member one. The two Election Commissioners were appointed by the President on the advice of the Cabinet. Article 324(3) clearly lays down that the Chief Election Commissioner shall act as the Chairman of the Election Commission. In simple terms, he is the first among the equals. He may be the administrative head of the commission and may have the discretion of allotment and distribution of work among the commission members, but then he cannot function on his “whims and fancies”. The commission is a joint body and especially policy matters have to be decided on the basis of consensus and unanimity. The Chairman at the most can have a casting vote. If he is not satisfied with the work of any Election Commissioner, he can suo motu submit his observation and recommendation to the President, who as the appointing authority will take a decision, of course, according to the advice given by the Cabinet. Looking at the state elections that had been conducted in Bihar, UP, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, there is no reason to believe that Mr Chawla has played any partisan role. It will be highly damaging for the institution of Election Commission if the Chief Election Commissioner is to receive himself directly any complaints against any Election Commissioner. There has to be a screening mechanism outside the commission to look into such complaints to find out whether prima facie there is any case to send the complaint to the Chief Election Commissioner for his comments and opinion. Since the President as the appointing authority is the final judge to take action, the screening mechanism should be in his office which would naturally get the advice of the Cabinet, i.e the government. One can guess that in the recent case where some MPs made complaints against Mr Chawla the government at the highest level — the PMO level — must have examined the case and decided to take no action on merit. The President’s office must have been kept informed suitably. The V.P. Singh government did not continue the multi-member Election Commission but the Congress government revived it when Mr T.N. Seshan was the Chief Election Commissioner. I had become aware during some of my visits to the Election Commission that the new Election Commissioners were feeling rather insecure because of the treatment given to them by Mr Seshan and also the power exercised by the government discontinuing multi-membership nature of the commission and thereby indirectly discontinuing the services of Election Commissioners. At least one Election Commissioner told me that the commission had already moved the government to define constitutionally the status of Election Commissioner as done for the Chief Election Commissioner. There is nothing new if such a proposal is now revived by the government. We should be very careful and vigilant that nobody is allowed to damage the credibility of the Election Commission, a mechanism which ensures free and fair elections, so vital for our
democracy. |
English, local and global At an international scientific gathering some years ago somebody made the obvious remark that English is the international language of science. A venerable old gentleman, whose mother tongue was not English, interrupted to make a small correction. Bad English, he declared, is the international language of science. At a recent astronomical meeting the chief guest peacefully declared that astronomy played a role in whole of human life right from “infantry” till old age. A Hungarian Sanskrit woman professor who had been visiting India for many decades was accompanied by her husband. She explained that he had never been to India before but this time she seduced him to come. May be she meant induced. But come to think of it, a wife’s seducing her husband is not a bad idea either. English indeed must pay a price for being the world language. It must serve local needs and thus evolve variously. A wife was heard admonishing her husband thus: “I have to tell you one-one thing two-two three-three times”. Let the puritans fret; the sentence makes perfect sense. In the years immediately after Independence school masters were hypersensitive to what they called correct English. We were told that cousin sister was wrong, the correct term was cousin. Very many years later when in the university I realised that our teacher was wrong. Describing a girl as cousin or cousin sister sends two entirely different messages. If you introduce a girl as cousin sister to your friend, you are telling him: She is my sister. Treat her as your own. But if a girl is described merely as a cousin, he is free to try his luck (I understand the modern term is line maro-ing). What English did to other languages or its own antecedents, others are now doing to English. The word cockroach has nothing to do with either cock or roach; it has been made up of two familiar words in imitation of the sound of the Spanish original. Skirt and shirt have the same etymology. In the cold climate of England, vest and brief both constitute underwear (the marketing people now prefer to call them innerwear). But in India it is perfectly respectable to be seen with a banian, so the term underwear has shrunk in meaning. The irregularities of the English language baffle many of its users who in turn enrich it at various levels, including with unintended humour for the initiated. There is an anecdote no doubt created by a grammarian. A hotel guest tells the boy: Call me a taxi. He looks at her and says: OK. You are a taxi. There is a hilarious story about a drycleaning shop which had put up a notice: “Drop your pants here for quick service”. A school teacher recently told about the mother of a student of his. She proudly declared that her son was abnormal, meaning that he was extraordinarily gifted. There is a story representative of modern business software-driven times. A beaming grandmother distributed sweets in her neighbourhood. My granddaughter, she said, has not yet finished her graduation, but she has already been hired as a call girl (what she meant was a job at a call
centre). |
How Tokyo beat Paris in a
very French game
TOKYO
– The Michelin Guide has decreed that Tokyo is the premier city in the world for food. A 19-hour day in the life of chef Ichiro Ozaki helps explain why. Ozaki woke up one recent Thursday at 5:30 a.m. and began working the phones, searching for live turtles and fresh crab. He had not gone home the night before to his wife and 1-year-old daughter. He had cooked past midnight and fallen dead asleep in a tiny apartment near the Japanese-cuisine restaurant that bears his name. It won a star in November in the first-ever Tokyo edition of the Michelin Guide, whose judges astounded the French – and won over the Japanese – by finding more than twice as many star-worthy restaurants in Tokyo as in Paris. The Paris-based restaurant guide, often described as the most influential in the world, confirmed what well-traveled diners have long known: Extraordinary things to eat are served in a great many Tokyo restaurants. “The Michelin judges were overwhelmed by our quality,” said Masuhiro Yamamoto, a Japanese food critic and writer. So, apparently, are foreign tourists in Japan. Seven out of 10 say food is the primary reason for their visit, according to a recent government survey. It’s not just the quality but also the sheer quantity of Tokyo’s restaurants that tests the imagination. Michelin counted 160,000 of them, compared with about 20,000 in Paris and 23,000 in New York. Having reserved turtles and crabs on the phone, Ozaki pulled on blue jeans, rubber shoes and a down jacket. At 7:30 a.m., he grabbed a wicker basket and jumped on the subway to head to Tsukiji, the world’s largest fish market. The market is a principal reason for the 191 Michelin stars now shining down on Tokyo, according to Yamamoto, the food critic who has spent years studying the fish-handling arts that have been perfected at Tsukiji. (Paris got just 98 stars total, New York 54.) “Fish culture is at the core of food quality,” he said. Fishermen preserve freshness by draining blood from fish the moment they are taken from the sea. Shippers pack the creatures in water that replicates the temperature and salinity of the seas where they were caught. Then, like racehorses vanned to the track, fish are hauled to Tsukiji in their live position – as if swimming – to prevent bruising. Dodging motorised fish carts like an open-field runner, Ozaki moved quickly through the noisy chaos of the market. He is a daily buyer. Fishmongers smile when they see his impish face. They say they save their best stuff for him. Besides snapping turtles and a dozen crabs, he bought conger eels, blowfish, octopus, abalone, anglerfish, cod testicles, tuna and several kinds of shrimp for the meals he would begin serving in about 10 hours. Ozaki, 38, the son of a sushi chef, spent 17 years as an apprentice and sous-chef in fish restaurants in and around Tokyo. In the first four years of his apprenticeship, he only chopped vegetables. He said he was never allowed to touch a fish that might be served to a customer. He then spent three years working on sushi techniques. He opened his own restaurant two years ago. With seats for only 16 diners, it serves sushi and high-end Japanese fish dishes. At work, Ozaki wears traditional wooden sandals, an impeccably pressed white gown and a spotless chef’s hat. To sharpen his senses, he always cooks and prepares sushi on an empty stomach. Not long ago, a customer called him a samurai, a description that tickled Ozaki. Samurai were the honor-driven warrior class of preindustrial Japan. “It is artsy obsession that I have,” Ozaki said on the way back from the fish market to his restaurant. “I have chosen to compete against the best restaurants in Tokyo. For me there is no turning back.” The notion of self-sacrifice for the sake of exquisite food seems to suit many Tokyo chefs, even when they devote their lives to cuisine no samurai would have recognized. Three of the eight Tokyo restaurants that won three-star status, Michelin’s highest honor, serve French cuisine; the five others are Japanese. Chefs here also won stars for cooking Italian, Spanish, Chinese and steakhouse food. At Le Mange-Tout, one of the 25 restaurants in the city to win two Michelin stars, owner-chef Noboru Tani goes home to his family only one night a week. He cheerfully describes his restaurant as a “prison.” He sleeps in a loft above the dining room. “The samurai spirit is in me,” said Tani, 55. “The Japanese character is that we pursue one thing earnestly and with great diligence. For me, that object of diligence happens to be France.” Since he was 18, he said, he has devoted himself to the study of French culture, history, wine and cuisine. Competition among Tokyo restaurants is “unimaginably tough,” Tani said, and a chef-owner cannot survive unless he is willing to sacrifice in a way that “extracts the very essence of his self onto the plate.” “It is pride and ambition that bind us,” Tani said, speaking of his fellow chefs. “The food we serve is a reflection of how we live.” As he spoke, Tani was sitting in the dining room of his restaurant. It was midafternoon. Downstairs in the kitchen, his staff was beginning to prepare dinner. It would include sea-urchin flan, a warm salad with salted pork from the Pyrenees Mountains, fried sea bream and a red-wine consommé flavored with rabbit, deer and wild boar. To partake of the prix-fixe samurai spirit at Le Mange-Tout, you must reserve a month in advance and then pay a minimum of $200 per person. But high quality in Tokyo restaurant food doesn’t require a high price – or a Michelin star. Consider the curry bun that is the specialty of Bistro Kirakutei, a curry joint that sits in the shadow of an elevated highway not far from Shibuya Station, one of the world’s business commuter hubs. The curry bun is a sweet doughnut wrapped around a deep green dollop of mild English-style curry. The onions in the curry are slow-fried for four hours. Once cooked, the curry is given a day of rest before it marries its doughnut. Only about 400 of these buns are made each day, all by hand. “I have found the perfect harmony of curry sauce and dough,” explains Hideki Okubo, who experimented with spices and curry powder for six months until he got it right. That was 24 years ago, and his curry bun has since become something of a legend in Tokyo. Okubo said he has been offered lucrative deals to mass-market it but has never seriously considered doing so. “A restaurant has to have one thing that stands out,” he said. “For us, it is our bun.” Yamamoto, the food writer, has eaten Okubo’s curry bun, which costs $2.50, and he has eaten the pricey fare at Le Mange-Tout. He believes the creators of these foods share identical values. “They do not believe that success is measured by cash,” Yamamoto said. “They measure it by giving happiness to eaters.” Special correspondent Akiko Yamamoto contributed to this report. By arrangement with
LA Times-Washington Post |
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India calling: ‘brain gain’ is a reality If the Chinese perceive their overseas brethren as ‘sojourners’ who eventually ‘return’ to the motherland, the clock seems to have turned full circle, though in a limited scale, ushering in reverse migration in India. There is now the phenomenon of ‘brain-gain’ instead of ‘brain-drain’ of the earlier decades of Independent India. The booming economy, with improved life style, affluence and opportunities, have impelled many of those who had left home and hearth for fame and fortune to return to India, even if losing a few dollars. It was against this backdrop that the sixth edition of the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas was held last month in Delhi, on ‘Engaging the Diaspora: The Way Forward.’ This year’s theme carried forward last year’s concept “Rooting for the Roots - Meeting India’s Social Development Challenges”. In fact, the theme meaningfully and thoughtfully conjured up a vision for India as expected from its Diaspora. Rightfully, the conference focused on the social development of India and the role of the Diaspora. The Diaspora can help India in many ways in terms of investment, expertise and ideas. The process of reverse migration eloquently speaks of the churning process of social transformation of the motley group called the Non-resident Indians, which is so poignantly captured in Ashutosh Gaurikar’s captivating movie ‘Swadesh’ with the character portrayed so well by King Khan. The homeward mobility of the Diaspora has started with a social message load and clear – India Calling! There is no dearth of stories of philanthropy and social commitment. One such example is Vikram Akula, with a degree from Yale of Ivy League fame and Ph. D from University of Chicago and a Fulbright Scholar, who spurned a promising and lucrative career in the affluent society of the USA and returned to India to set up Swayam Krushi Sangham (SKS). SKS is internationally recognised as one of the world’s fastest-growing micro finance institution on the lines of the system set up by Mohammad Yunus, the Nobel laureate, in Bangladesh. SKS has disbursed Rs. 240 crores to cover 2.2 lakh women across India that has contributed to social development. In the year 2006, Time magazine added him to its list of the world’s 100 most influential people. It won’t be a surprise if he gets a Magasasay Award for his contribution to social service. Yet another example of such sacrifice and commitment is the husband-wife duo of Ramesh and Swati Ramanathan who returned from abroad to Bangalore to set up Janagraha, an NGO dedicated for improving the quality of public governance. Ramesh, an MBA from Yale was MD, CitiBank, London and Swati a successful design professional when they decided to come back to India. Janagraha is proactively engaged with a large number of civic society initiatives. More than 5,000 members of civil society have volunteered their time, and over one lakh have participated in its activities. Besides Akula and the Ramachandrans, there are spirited people like London-based social entrepreneur Raj Lumba who runs a successful textile business in U.K. Having suffered the demise of his father at an early age and sustained the hardship of poverty along with his mother and siblings, perhaps no one would have imagined the agonising experiences of the widowed mother than Lumba who has set up the Puspawati Lumba Trust in the memory of his mother. He is trying his best to get the United Nations to recognize June 23 as the International Widow’s Day to sensitise the issues pertaining to widowed. There are many more such examples. There are many NGOs, directly and indirectly funded by the NRIs, which are doing exceedingly good work in the social sector. The graduates of IITS, IIMS and other prestigious and premier universities and institutions of India, who are abroad, are also contributing significantly to sectors like education and health. The writer is joint director, press and public relations wing, Lok Sabha secretariat |
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Delhi Durbar Among the numerous issues slated for discussion between external affairs minister Pranab Mukherjee and Brazil’s leaders during his current visit to the country, the one item on his agenda which can be expected to get top billing is the speedy implementation of a pending MOU for the exchange of football and cricket coaches between the two nations. While agreeing to send its football coaches for training Indian players, football-crazy Brazil has asked India for cricket coaches, clearly indicating that cricket mania has also reached distant Latin America. Like all Bengalis, Mukherjee also has a passion for football but the minister is not particularly taken up by cricket. In fact, he has often said that understanding cricket is far more difficult than running the West Bengal Congress unit. Gen next Before plunging himself into the hurly-burly of state politics after his appointment as Congress chief of the West Bengal unit, information and broadcasting minister Priyaranjan Dasmunsi thought he would spend a relaxed evening with his family by organising a special screening of Hrithik-Aishwariya starrer Jodha Akbar at the Films Division auditorium. His plans were, however, nixed by his ten-year-old son who decided to play partypooper. The reason: the young lad refused to see the movie in a musty, sarkari theatre and instead preferred a swanky multiplex located in a mall. Soz’s destination Union water resources minister Saifuddin Soz, who has been appointed chief of Jammu and Kashmir Congress unit, has his task cut out as the state is facing assembly polls later this year. Not only has he to strengthen the party organsiation in the Kashmir Valley, Soz has also to galvanise party workers so that they are sufficiently motivated to hardsell the government’s achievements to the electorate. Since chief minister Ghulam Nabi Azad has always had an uneasy relationship with the Congress’s coalition partner PDP, the Congres leadership was on the look-out for a leader who enjoys a good rapport with PDP leader Mufti Mohammad Sayeed so that seat-sharing talks, preceding the assembly poll, can be conducted smoothly. Soz’s candidature was opposed by a number of Congress leaders but the party leadership was firm on sending him to the poll-bound state. Leadership role Once a general always a general. This is an apt description of Lt. Gen (Retd) S.S. Mehta, who is presently the Director General of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Having played a leading role in the Indian Army, General Mehta is now playing an equally important role in the CII. This was evident from the arrangements made by the CII at the DefExpo 2008 for both the exhibitors and the media. The officer took personal interest in all aspects of the exhibition and ensured that the focus remained on getting the latest technology in the field of defence for display at the exposition, which has a record turnout of 475 exhibitors. Contributed by Anita Katyal, Prashant Sood and Girja Shankar Kaura |
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