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Friday,
November 8, 2002, Chandigarh, India  
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America votes for Rambo Towards quality education
HARI JAISINGH |
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Reason for my being in Rome
Our “look-East” policy
Are you your mother’s favourite?
Eat less salt — by law, says WHO
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America votes for Rambo IF America sneezes, the world catches a cold. And when America gives a thumbs up to President George W. Bush’s aggressive foreign policy in the course of the mid-term elections in the country, the world gets divided into those who applaud the victory of the Republicans and those who mourn the death of moderation. September 11 showed the average American as a highly vulnerable individual. The mid-term elections to the Senate and the House of Representatives provided just the opening America needed to summon the services of Rambo as its patron saint and protector. The triumph of the Republicans is being seen as a vote in favour of Bush’s plan to attack Iraq. The attack may come sooner than expected now that the average American has dressed up his/her President in the armour of Rambo. Those who came in late may have forgotten that Rambo is the favourite all-conquering hero of the American armed forces. He was there in Vietnam beating the enemy to pulp. And he will be there in Iraq to put the fear of the USA in the heart of the reviled Saddam Hussein. With the Republicans having gained complete control of the US Congress, the finely-tuned system of checks and balances built into the American Constitution is in danger of being trampled upon by Rambo Bush whose war against terrorism is no longer based on reason. If you cannot get Osama get Saddam seems to be the sum and substance of his irrational foreign policy. The elections did give India an excuse to smile because of the triumph of three Indian-Americans, all democrats. But the victory of Mr Kumar Barve, Ms Swati Dandekar and Mr Satveer Chaudhary is small consolation because of the renewed fear of President Bush ignoring the international community’s appeal for responding with reason and restraint to Iraq’s stand on the weapons inspection issue. In Arab capitals the reaction to the the verdict is understandably divided. Kuwait is happy. But in Egypt the Republican victory is being seen as a disaster for the Arab world. Russia’s reaction is muted because it needs US support for membership of the World Trade Organisation. In Japan and South Korea the elections were of particular concern because of possible ripples the outcome could have on the global economy. However, the overwhelming support for President Bush in the mid-term elections has not only shaken the global community, but also the moderates within the American establishment. But the White House has seldom heeded to global expressions of concern or the internal anti-war sentiments. It will sell the stupendous victory as a vote on its policy to unleash Rambo on Iraq and on all those who hold huge oil and gas reserves. President Bush’s original agenda, stymied by a Democrat-controlled Congress, has come alive and the world has no option but to prepare itself for the impact of war on the global economy. Whichever way one looks the vote was also proof of President Bush’s growing popularity because of the tough posture he took for defending American interests after 9\11. Most of the candidates he campaigned for emerged triumphant. Unless he does something terribly silly, there is little that can stop President Bush from winning a second term in 2004. |
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Towards quality education There are two factors that spoil quality private education in the country: bureaucratic interference and profiteering motive. In a recent judgement the Supreme Court has tried to remove both. It has ruled that private educational institutions which are not dependent on government funds are free to frame their own fee structure and the government should not interfere in their day-to-day administration. Realising the importance of education in the competitive global scenario, the upper and middle classes desperately try to give their children the best possible education, even if it means sending them abroad at a heavy cost. They increasingly turn to private institutions. Hence, it is
important to help them grow. What hampers their growth is the unwarranted arm-twisting by the bureaucracy, often for personal gain. To attract and retain talent,
private institutions have to pay good salaries, make use of the latest technology like computers and the Internet, and buy equipment and books for laboratories and libraries. So they have to charge reasonable fees. Quality education comes at a price and there are parents willing to spend any amount to arm their children to face the future. Then why let the babus dictate come in the way? They do so often to get their own wards admitted to prestigious
institutions through the back door. That spoils the atmosphere and hits the spirit of healthy competition. Corporate-promoted institutions aim to discover and nurture talent. It is better to leave them alone to pursue their goals, of course within the prescribed government guidelines. While providing quality education, private institutions must realise that education is not a business product to be sold for profit. The Supreme Court has rightly observed that “as the occupation of education, in a sense, regarded as charitable, the government can provide regulations that will ensure excellence in education, while forbidding the charging of capitation fee and profiteering by the institution.” There is any number of educational institutions which have turned themselves into business centres. The teachers are paid meagre salaries and the students are charged hefty fees. Besides, the parents are forced to shell out money on one pretext or the other. They must realise their responsibility towards society. To provide good education to the children from the lower strata of society and tap the talent of the disadvantaged bright ones, the government should either subsidise their education in top schools or/and improve the quality of education in government schools. Education along with health must get top government priority and funding. It is a matter of concern that a government school today has become the last choice of a parent. |
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In the editorial, “India & ASEAN”, carried in The Tribune on November 7, Pnom Penh has been wrongly mentioned as the Vietnamese capital. Pnom Penh is the capital of Cambodia. The error is regretted. — Editor
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Ifs and buts of Kashmir problem The observations by Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw on India having lost two opportunities to solve the Kashmir imbroglio is somewhat relevant today in view of the formation of the new PDP-Congress coalition government headed by Mufti Mohammad Sayeed. India's first Field Marshal was, of course, guarded and moderate in his remarks. He cited two examples, though I would say that the country lost several such opportunities, starting with the delayed decision by Jawaharlal Nehru on the question of accession of Kashmir. This delay enabled Pakistan to mount the aggression on the state in 1947-48 which subsequently resulted in the birth of the Kashmir problem. How and why of this issue are matters of detail. When Maharaja Hari Singh sought Indian military assistance against the raiders, after indicating in a letter that the state would accede to India, Lord Louis Mountbatten and Nehru wanted him to sign the Instrument of Accession as a precondition for help. There was no need for this precondition. India could have straightaway given assistance while the question of accession could have been dealt with later. Apparently, the constitution expert then failed to give the Indian Prime Minister the right advice. Having taken the plunge after the formalities, there was subsequently no justification for stopping the Indian troops from finishing the task of throwing out the aggressors from across the border. We don't know under what pressure or compulsions Nehru acted in the manner he did. But in the process, wittingly or unwittingly, he created a permanent headache for the polity. The Indian troops were capable of overrunning the raiders. The Kashmir problem at the stage could have been sealed for all practical purposes. To say this is not to suggest that the military authorities in Islamabad would not have carried on their jehad or pursued their grand strategy on Jammu and Kashmir in the name of Islam to expand the geographical sweep of Pakistan. It is a strange nation which was carved out with thousands of people shedding their blood on both sides of the divide, resulting in the world's biggest-ever movement of refugees. Most politicians and historians have avoided talking about the failures of Nehru because of their politico-ideological tilt and soft corner for India's first idealist Prime Minister. It needs to be appreciated that historical blunders can only be set right by learning from the past mistakes so that these are not repeated. Yet another mistake committed by the Indian leadership was to take the matter of Pakistani aggression to the UN Security Council without properly grasping the then prevailing Cold War politics. Well, the net result was that the country subsequently got caught in a web of its own making. True, we all become wiser after the events. But this exercise is necessary if we want to learn from history. Take the case of Krishna Menon, former Defence Minister. He was undoubtedly a brilliant orator. He could speak for days together over innumerable cups of tea. His speeches at the world forum could strike a patriotic fervour among the millions of Indians. But what was lost in these emotional outbursts was the bitter truth that rhetoric could not be a substitute for well-focused national interests fully backed up by political will of those at the helm. Several opportunities during the past five decades or so have been lost because Indian leaders have lacked a vision as well as political will to pursue national goals by making the country economically, socially and politically strong. At no stage did New Delhi exhibit the desired confidence in the pursuit of the country's foreign policy objectives. Most leaders have rather been apologetic instead of giving national interests a definite direction as an article of faith. Pakistan, on the contrary, has been well-targeted in the pursuit of its goals mostly by foul means. This has surely posed a major problem for Indian leaders. Indira Gandhi, of course, possessed the right guts. She showed tremendous courage in the 1971 war with Pakistan against all odds in the face of America's belligerent postures in the Bay of Bengal. However, she too faltered at Shimla, probably because of wrong advice from some of her close aides. Field Marshal Manekshaw has rightly pointed out that Indira Gandhi was taken in by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's pleas. Looking back, it is a pity that she failed to fathom the real Bhutto. The problem with most Pakistani leaders is that they are not what they project themselves to be. General Pervez Musharraf is the latest example of Pakistani duplicity. Interestingly, the Field Marshal has referred to General Ayub Khan and the latter's personal equations with him which could have helped solve the Kashmir problem. To quote Manekshaw: "I saw Nehru, I told him, (Ayub Khan) can do what I like in Pakistan and nobody dare say anything and Panditji, you can commit murder in India and everybody will say wah! wah! So, can we sort it out," the former Army Chief said. "But Panditji said, 'you (Pakistanis) have no right to be in Kashmir, Kashmir belongs to us." I am not sure how far the Field Marshal's reading is correct. Perhaps, it was a matter of taking calculated risks. In any case, without political will nothing can work. More than anything else, I see yet another opportunity for India in the present messy situation, provided the country's leadership puts its acts together and handles the Kashmir problem at home and abroad in a well-planned and integrated manner. Adhocism cannot take us far. Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee needs to constantly keep this point in mind. What are the possible ways for tackling the problem in a short-term and long-term manner? One, the first priority has to be to put the Kashmir house in order. This will call for appropriate governance and giving the people a clean and transparent administration. Two, a time-bound development-oriented strategy and a plan of action. All development programmes must be directed towards the betterment of the people by ensuring that development funds do not go into the pockets of corrupt politicians, bureaucrats and other vested interests and operators. Three, the key to economic thrusts in the state must be the generation of more jobs for the youth. The problem of unemployment is the biggest curse which provides ready material for militancy. Four, a total reorientation in the politico-administrative system is required for rebuilding the Kashmir society on time-tested traditional lines of Sufism and secular credentials. Five, a comprehensive review and control are called for on the flow of foreign money for dubious purposes and terrorist activities. Six, the Mufti government needs to look at the people's problems in a larger perspective. It cannot afford to view some of the state's problems with narrow angularities and anti-security postures which will only give a boost to Pakistan-sponsored terrorist groups and their patrons across the border. Seven, the process of a dialogue with all political groups ought to be an on-going exercise. At the same time, it should be seen that those militant groups which thrive on foreign money and weapons are dealt with ruthlessly. The Chief Minister must not forget that he has a larger responsibility towards the state. He cannot behave like a factional leader. As it is, he is a very weak wicket. He cannot afford to indulge in rhetoric. He must guide the destiny of the state intelligently and sharply. Eight, the Centre is expected to pursue a proactive policy on the ground, and not merely in words as the impression Deputy Prime Minister L.K. Advani has given in public. He has still to learn from India's "steel man" Sardar Patel. Nine, the healing touch apart, all-round efforts are urgently needed for the return of the Kashmiri Pandits to the valley and other parts of the state. They form part of the basic ingredients of Kashmir's secular polity and its liberal traditions. I am glad that Mr Sayeed has spelt out the return of Kashmiri Pandits as the top priority of his government. He has touched the emotional chord of lakhs of people in the state with his remarks, "Kashmir is incomplete without the Pandits". I hope he will be true to his words and work hard in total cooperation with the Centre for creating the right atmosphere for the return of the two lakh Pandits who had migrated to the various parts of the country with the eruption of militancy in 1989. The Central Government must help the Mufti in his onerous tasks ahead like the generation of jobs for the youth, faster pace of economic development, building of infrastructural facilities and providing the people a clean and transparent government. The main goal for the PDP-Congress coalition has to be one of making Jammu and Kashmir a live paradise of the Republic of India. |
Reason for my being in Rome Besides being a foot-loose and a keen travel lover, the only reason I could think of for my being in Rome, this June was the information I had about the Eternal City, that it is more than two millennia old. Having watched on the television screen, the elliptical colonnade with 140 statues of saints and martyrs, full of the devout Christian souls, assembled during the Pope’s service, I noticed another spectacle, which made the choice fall on “Roma”
(as they call it in Italy) for a holiday. I had always cherished the dreams to visit the Piazza San Pietro. We were ushered in St Peters Basilica after about an hour’s wait in the queue. It was hot out in the sun, but free running cold water in untapped sprouts tasted elixir-like and more than compensated us. We were literally taken over by the ambience and mesmerised. Inside the Basilica I became restless and inquisitive, all of a sudden. The gathering around was a mix of devotees and tourists. My mind was caught up on the horns of a weird dilemma, of seeking the reason of my being in that holy place! It was so because many Indians believe in the theory of being at a place where your “dana- pani” takes you, or where you are predestined to be present. All around on the huge walls were the classical paintings, murals and frescos of the world-renowned artists like Michelangelo and Raphael. Right in front of us were the services being offered by the priests in their traditional attire. Innumerable candles burnt while the hymns were being sung. The church organ touched the spiritual chord in every human being around. The church bell rang and with the fading chime, I got momentarily transported back to my country, India. Eighty-year-old sister Premoli Tarsila, living in a convent in Haryana, came to my mind as if to satisfy my inquisitiveness. The old, pink and wrinkled nun had visited me along with another nun from the same convent. She had to visit her ailing brother in Rome. For her visit she had come to me to seek some help. And I had obliged her with some extra pains taken. Sister Premoli was born in 1915 on February 11. Incidentally, this is my date of birth as well. She had joined the congregation at the age of 20 at Milan, Italy. She could hardly speak English and conversed with me with her very pleasing smile as also through the accompanying sister from the convent. Another chime in the Basilica brought a short flash down memory lane. I was once again my own contended self. The other couple of hours at the St Peters had become more rewarding then. I climbed the world’s highest dome through a punishingly difficult flight of steps, allowing hardly one-and-a-half-foot-wide space, with walls on both sides. Few visitors undertake this journey to the top of the building. I enjoyed the bird’s eye-view of Roma, The Vatican and the Piazza down below with Castle S Angelo built in 130 A.D. in sight. Back in New Delhi I telephoned the convent to know about Premoli Tarsila. At 87, she looked quite weak when she met me about seven years back. I had made the call with trepidation in heart. “Premoli is hale and hearty and is now in 24 Pargana district in West Bengal,” I was happily informed. |
Our “look-East” policy Do we belong to the West or the East? I raise this issue once again because it is fundamental to our foreign policy. And for another reason too: because we seem to be uncertain. We were once part of the West and the East. That was at the time of Ashoka. Then we became part of the West: that was when we were under foreign rule — both under Muslims and then under Europeans. In between, we were part of Asia. South East Asia was called an “extension” of India. And the Chinese called India the “Western heaven”. It was a haven and heaven for all Asians. We did not call the Asian Relations Conference for nothing. China could not have called it. It was a reflex. It was a call for new linkages. Nations cannot live in isolation. They must concert with others to promote common policies. Or because they belong to a common religion (OIC, for instance) or common civilisation (European Union). India’s link with Asia is civilisational. An Indian can feel at home anywhere in Asia. And Asians can feel at home in India. It is easier to build relations on this foundation. With the West, we have no such advantage. There is nothing to build on except democracy — a common factor. It was history which separated us from our neighbourhood. There is no reason why we should not come together again. These are days of economic associations. But even they have a common cultural background. No peoples are as close to the Hindus culturally as the Buddhists of the world. There is a natural affinity between the two. Foreign relations are built on such affinities. But India is not a pure Hindu country. It is a country of multiple identities. Our people do not know its political and cultural implications. We do not know how to govern such a country. This is a serious weakness. India has not set its mind on this problem. Will Muslims and Christians of India appreciate a policy built on Hindu-Buddhist affinity? What if the Christians want to be closer to the Christians of the world and the Muslims, closer to the Muslims of the world? This is a legitimate question. But it has not been raised, nor has it been answered. We prefer not to raise inconvenient questions. But we are not insensitive to Muslim concerns. For example, our policy towards Israel is built on our concern for Muslim opinion. But this, I say, is totally unacceptable. We do not care for Christian opinion at home while dealing with the Christian world. So, why are we sensitive when it comes to Muslims? A multi-cultural society cannot base its policies on race and religion. It can lead to anarchy. We must go for a foreign policy based on class interest (as in America) or evolve a new policy. A new policy must be based on what is unique about us. We are unique about our immense diversity. I consider a multicultural society superior to a monocultural society. Indian Muslims and Christians are thus superior to the Muslims and Christians in the rest of the world. How? Because they learn to be more tolerant and because they are closer to the ideal world citizen. A man brought up in a monocultural society is narrow in outlook, intolerant and unfit as a world citizen. The Indian Muslims and Christians must, thus, take on the role of leaders of their communities in the world — as vanguards of a new movement. That is how they can make themselves important. They should set new standards. This is how they will win the hearts and minds of the Hindus. Nonalignment served India as a foreign policy option during the cold war. But today it is not of the same relevance. In any case, it cannot serve India’s interests. These are days of economic associations. And India must be part of a group to be effective. SAARC was such a group. But it has no future. The alternative is to join ASEAN and East Asia. Economists once hailed the “economic miracle” of the region and predicted a “Pacific century.” The “look-East” policy is the result of this line of thinking. It is based on sound logic. India has already established close relations with Vietnam, and of late with Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Mynmar under the Mekong-Ganga project. This is where the Buddhist angle comes in. But India is also close to other ASEAN countries. It is true, during the cold war, India was not welcome in ASEAN, being a country close to China and Russia. But times have changed. Today ASEAN countries are not only keen to have India as a member, but also as a leader of the ten. But why? this calls for a brief analysis. South East Asia is more unstable today than at any time before. Indonesia has emerged as the centre of Islamic terrorism. It has already lost East Timor because it did not know how to win over the Christians. The Philippines is going through a civil war. Malaysia is in a crisis over leadership change. And Thailand has a Prime Minister who is under trial for hiding his wealth. But China is what worries ASEAN countries the most largely because of the conflict with China over the South China sea. And there is a sizeable Chinese minority in almost all countries. Their loyalty is first of all to China. As against these fears, there are positive factors. China is emerging as the largest Asian market. And it is the most low-cost country in Asia at present. No wonder ASEAN countries look to the Chinese market for their imports, too. India cannot offer them any of these advantages. China has also offered a free trade area to the South East Asian countries. This is not without calculations. But the economic merits cannot be ignored. It is the political problems which stand in the way. What is more, Japan, America and India cannot be enthusiastic about China’s free trade proposal. But what is cause for greater concern today is the growing frenzy of Islamic fundamentalism. It can disrupt the unity of the region and bring to naught the ASEAN experiment. It will be a disaster. And it will do no good to the Muslims. In fact, they will come out of it the worst. Islamic terrorism has the potential to break up Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia. It has brought America back to the Philippines in great force. In short, if Islamic terrorism is not contained, the history of South East Asia will take a new course. And what that is going to be, one cannot predict. India has a vital interest in what happens there. Which is why there is increasing naval cooperation between India and America today. It is a kind of guarantee that the ASEAN region will remain stable. Both Singapore and Malaysia are keen on the Indian presence in the region. The “look-East” policy is thus welcome to the region. But we have another interest: to promote multicultural societies in the region. In this the Muslims of India can play a crucial role. |
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Are you your mother’s favourite? A
Czech study identified 220 children whose mothers had given birth to a child they had twice been refused a request to abort. Aged nine, these children were doing markedly worse at school and were more prone to irritability and defensiveness. These problems were still significant when they reached the age of 15. Asked about their mothers’ attitude to them, the children claimed she was either ‘neglectful’ or ‘interfering’. Margaret Thatcher’s daughter Carol suffered from being unfavoured, if not actually unwanted. Whereas her twin brother Mark was her mother’s favourite, Carol was a dustbin for negativity. She recalls that, ‘Mum would say, “Carol those shelves are such a mess,” if she visited my flat. Mum has never been keen on anything I have worn: “Ghastly” was a word frequently used.’ As tends to be the case in homes where there is strong hostility to one child, there was little love for either, so that even Mark recalls that although his mother indulged him when she was present, there were, ‘only spurts of motherhood’. Carol states that, ‘Mum was perfect. There was nothing she couldn’t do but she didn’t do it with enormous warmth. Mum and me weren’t really that close. I don’t remember her being physically demonstrative.’ In fact, Margaret was scary: ‘As a child, I was frightened of her and later I was conscious of talking to her, knowing her mind was elsewhere. I used to console myself by thinking, “Carol, maybe its because you talk such drivel.”’ Carol has a low opinion of herself. She compares her looks unfavourably to her mother’s and doubts her attractiveness to men. ‘Mum’s better raw material than me. I still don’t measure up. Unloved is not the word to describe me, but I never felt I made the grade. I always felt I came out second [compared with her brother].’ In some families such unfavoured status is made up for by love from the other parent, but Carol reports that, ‘There wasn’t really a daddy-daughter relationship.’ For such extremely unfavoured children, or ones who are acutely aware that other siblings are getting an unfair share of the parental pie, a lifelong sense of having ‘a raw deal’ can endure. The enduring animosity between the Freud brothers - the artist Lucian, broadcaster Clement and the lesser-known Stephen (who runs a shop) - may date back to such rivalry for love. I know of it because my mum was at school with them, and recalled that they were extremely rivalrous (she has also never forgiven Lucian for making her horse ill by feeding it oats). Not that my mum was above creating rivalry herself. We were always told to emulate a well-mannered pair of goody-goody friends - although I suspect my parents would have been horrified if we had actually been like
them. The Guardian |
Eat less salt — by law, says WHO Far from just encouraging people to leave aside the salt pot to prevent high blood pressure, governments should resort to legislation to cut the amount of salt in processed foods, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has said. The recommendation is contained in the Geneva-based WHO’s annual report “Reducing risks, promoting healthy life” which lists the top 10 risks to human health worldwide. Health officials believe the amount of salt added to industrially-produced foods or pre-prepared foods such as bread or meat dishes is a big problem in wealthier countries, where a “ large majority” of people are abandoning more healthy fresh food because of their hectic urban lifestyles. “Invariably, even if people were to cut down on salt added at the table, they will be taking too much salt in their food because of the content of salt in the food they buy in the shops,” Shanthia Mendis, coordinator of the WHO’s cardiovascular disease unit, told
AFP. Female lizard wins battle of sexes In the eternal war between the sexes, the lady side-blotched lizard wins it all: she selects her many mates, decides where they’ll live and even determines if they will have sons or daughters. Virtually every element of the mating and reproducing cycle of the small American lizard is controlled by choices made by the female, said Ryan Calsbeek, a biologist at the Institute of Environment at UCLA. “This is the ultimate example of a female having her cake and eating it too,” said Calsbeek, the first author of a study appearing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. “It would be like a human female who marries a short, dumpy rich guy and then has an affair with a muscular 20-year-old to have a handsome son who grows up in a mansion and goes to the best schools.”
AP Gene therapy to control cancer pain A gene therapy involving a herpes simplex virus can help significantly reduce cancer-related pain, says a new US study published in the November issue of the journal Annals of Neurology. “Chronic pain is notoriously difficult to treat effectively. We’ve been able to show that using this virus can significantly reduce bone cancer pain - at least in mice,” said co-author Dr Joseph Glorioso, President of the American Society of Gene Therapy.
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Just as zero is nothing without one in the beginning so also this life is practically nothing without bhajana. Even tree, brooks, rivers, ocean, the gentle breeze, sun, moon, stars, birds etc. are doing bhajana silently. They are repeating his name. Rivers repeat Bhum, Bhum. Breeze utters Om, Om, Om. Waves of the ocean repeat Hari Om or So ‘ham. The sound of Hari Om comes out of the mouth of every bird. Even railway trains, engines or factories repeat Hari Om Tat Sat. Mark this very carefully...
*** The object of doing worship or bhajana is to attain infinite eternal peace, immortality and freedom from the wheel of birth and death with its concomitant evils of disease, old age, sins and miseries of all sorts... Worship destroys the three kinds of pain caused by oneself, other beings and acts of god, eradicates the knots of ignorance and annihilates the five afflications (kleshas) and the three defects of the mind. — Swami Shivananda, “Bhajana”. Excerpted from The Kalyana Kalpataru, April 1996. *** Simran and Bhajan (the spiritual, exercises) will in due course, liberate you from this vast prison in which you have been confined for countless ages. Life is short. Time is fleeting. Take full advantage of it, and if you have not done ‘your own work’ already, start doing it now. Seek a true Master and under His guidance attach your soul to the Word and reach your True Home. — Sardar Bahadur Maharaj Jagat Singh, The Science of the Soul, chapter 7 *** The real donor is God himself who continues to give and never stops, though the recipient may even feel tired in receiving the gifts of God. — Sri Japji Sahib
(Sri Guru Granth Sahib) |
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