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No confrontation, please Redeeming the promise |
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Reforms row in Japan The coming snap poll may decide its fate Privatization remains a controversial subject even in a country like Japan. Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi’s government suffered a crushing defeat in Japan’s parliament over the issue of privatization of Japan Post, the world’s biggest deposit-taking institution having assets worth $ 3 trillion.
Cruise missiles in neighbourhood
A legendary teacher
Dateline
Washington Side-effects of verdict
on painkillers From Pakistan
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No confrontation, please THERE has been friction between the legislature and the judiciary in the past as well. But never has it reached such a flashpoint, as it has now on the issue of reservation in private professional institutions. Miffed at the allegation of some politicians that the court had adopted a “confrontationist” posture, the Chief Justice of India went to the length of remarking that “if this is the attitude of the government to go after a judgement without understanding it, then wind up the courts and do whatever you want”. Harsher words have rarely been uttered by a CJI about a government’s attitude to judicial verdicts. Implicit in them is the grouse that leaders who should know better have not even understood the judgement. As the apex court has pointed out, the seven-Judge Bench had only interpreted the earlier verdicts of the 11-Judge and five-Judge Constitutional Benches in the TMA Pai Foundation (2002) and Islamic Academic (2003) cases. In all its three judgements on the private and minority institutions since 2002, the Supreme Court has repeatedly asked the government to bring forward legislation to regulate the admissions and the reservations policy. One wonders where the question of “confrontation” came in. Several leaders, especially from the Left, have gone overboard in their criticism of the court decision, but the main man is Human Resource Development Minister Arjun Singh. As Law Minister H R Bhardwaj has himself admitted, the matter had first to be discussed by the Cabinet before any member of the government could come out with his plans to tackle the consequences of a court judgement. No such discussion has taken place so far. By shooting off his mouth without such consultation, could it be that Mr Arjun Singh is precipitating matters for reasons known to himself. Actually, the trouble has been brewing for long because of various instances like the Jharkhand case where the legislature thinks the judiciary overstepped its authority. But as far as the reservation issue is concerned, the court only interpreted a point of law. While the government can enforce reservation – even if it is blatantly for votebank considerations —- it cannot do so in an unregulated, haphazard manner. Unless it wants “committed judiciary”, it has to make sure that its policies stand the test of the law and are faithful to the Constitution. Politicians have a tendency to be populist for convenience; they should not expect the courts to be.
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Redeeming the promise Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s apology to the Sikhs and the nation on the 1984 riots has certainly assuaged the hurt feelings of the people. One reason why they found it acceptable was that the apology came with the promise that the government would do everything possible to bring to book those against whom the Nanavati Commission had pointed an accusing finger. As promised by him, the government has already appointed two committees, headed by two Home Ministry officials – Mr K.P. Singh and Mr D.K. Shankaran – to implement the assurances with regard to payment of compensation and other kinds of relief to the victims of the anti-Sikh riots. It is gratifying that these two committees, which have to complete their task within two months, have already started their work. The pace at which they have been addressing themselves to the given assignment, it should be possible for them to complete it within the stipulated period. However important rehabilitation of the victims may be, it cannot be a substitute for justice. As Justice Brennan of the US Supreme Court said, “Nothing rankles more in the human heart than a brooding sense of injustice”. Over 3,000 people were killed, mainly in the streets of Delhi but even after 21 years, not one has been punished for murder. Nine committees and commissions have gone into the whole question and there is now a large body of evidence in the form of affidavits, eyewitness accounts and newspaper reports against the perpetrators of violence. Yet, the tragedy is that every one of the guilty is leading a comfortable life while most of the victims are still deprived of the basic needs of life. This speaks volumes for the failure of the criminal justice system. The Nanavati Commission report provided the nation one last opportunity to undo the injustice done to the Sikh community in 1984. The report has many infirmities, the most notable being its failure to identify all those who masterminded some of the worst incidents of riot. Yet, it names some political leaders and police officers, whose complicity in the killings is an eternal shame for the country. The Prime Minister has given a solemn assurance that none of them will be spared. His apology will make sense only if his promise is redeemed and that, too, in a time-bound manner.
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Reforms row in Japan Privatization remains a controversial subject even in a country like Japan. Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi’s government suffered a crushing defeat in Japan’s parliament over the issue of privatization of Japan Post, the world’s biggest deposit-taking institution having assets worth $ 3 trillion. If privatized, it could lead to the birth of the world’s biggest private bank. But the tabling of a Bill for the purpose in parliament caused a revolt within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, forcing the Koizumi Cabinet to recommend mid-term elections, though the government still had two years to go. Mr Koizumi was left with no respectable alternative as the rejection of the Bill by parliament amounted to putting a stop to the drive he had launched for fulfilling the promise he had made during the 2001 elections. Those opposed to the privatization of Japan Post are of the view that this would adversely affect the postal services in the rural areas and lead to large-scale layoffs, which the country could not afford. But the development has raised concern in financial circles about the very reform story of Japan. There is widespread scare about the future of the economic reforms after the vital September elections, which is being largely seen as a referendum on the matter. Mr Koizumi is confident of turning the tables on his opponents by exposing an “endemically corrupt” system that Japan Post represents. The postal institution’s funds have been shamelessly used by ruling party leaders to enhance their political following. Of course, much of these funds have been going into the development of rural infrastructure which also provided employment to a large section of the population. If this factor influences the voters to ignore the appeal of Mr Koizumi for dismantling a controversial state monolith, it may lead to a serious politico-economic crisis in Japan. The rest of the world also cannot remain unaffected.
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Well is it known that ambition can creep as well as soar. — Edmund Burke
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Cruise missiles in neighbourhood ON July 18 President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh asserted that India and the United States would “work together to provide global leadership in areas of mutual concern and interest.” President Bush assured that he would work to “achieve full nuclear energy cooperation with India as it realises its goal of promoting nuclear power and achieving energy security”. On July 28 the US, Japan, China, India, South Korea and Australia announced a new “Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate” involving cooperation in areas of common interest like energy efficiency, clean coal, bio-energy, liquefied natural gas and civilian nuclear power. However, on August 4, the American and Chinese envoys to the UN met in New York and decided to work jointly to torpedo the efforts by Germany, Japan, Brazil and India to secure permanent membership of the Security Council. In today’s world, the US seeks to strengthen India to promote a viable “balance of power” in Asia and then colludes with China to ensure that India does not get permanent membership of the Security Council! While the Bush Admintration envisages an expanding role in the entire Asian and Indian Ocean region and supports Indian efforts for economic integration with East and South-East Asia, this cannot be said about China. China’s interest in containing India was evident when it colluded with the Clinton Administration in its efforts to “cap, roll back and eliminate” India’s nuclear programme. China’s efforts to “contain” India have also been manifested by its backing for Pakistan’s nuclear weapons and missile programmes ever since 1976. China has provided designs of nuclear weapons to Pakistan, supplied it fissile material, supported its uranium enrichment efforts and helped it with plutonium reprocessing capabilities for miniaturising nuclear warheads. What is equally significant is the assistance China has provided to Pakistan to acquire nuclear missiles. The first supplies of nuclear capable Chinese missiles to Pakistan came barely one year after the December 1988 visit of Rajiv Gandhi to China, with the transfer of 300- kilometre range M-11 missiles, christened “Ghaznavi” by Pakistan. Shortly after the visit of Prime Minister Narasimha Rao to China in 1993, his hosts proceeded to provide Pakistan nuclear-capable medium- range DF-15/ M-9 missiles, christened “Shaheen-1” by Pakistan, with a range of 600 to 750 kilometres. This supply violated the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). M-9 can target population centres in Northern India, including Delhi. The M-9 supplies compelled the Clinton Administration, that invariably turned a blind eye to Chinese proliferation activities, to impose sanctions on its manufacturers, the Haiying Electro-Mechanical Technology Academy, a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation. Around 1998, China started providing Pakistan 1800-2000-kilometre-range nuclear capable DF 21/21A missiles capable of hitting cities in Kerala and West Bengal — the states that produce stalwarts of the CPM! Chinese nuclear and missile assistance to Pakistan is channeled to the “National Development Complex” in Fatehjang, near the Chinese-supplied nuclear power and plutonium reprocessing plants at Chashma and Khushab in Pakistan’s Punjab province. This complex is headed by Pakistani nuclear scientist Dr. Samar Mubarak Mand, who is designated as the Chairman of Pakistan’s Engineering and Scientific Commission and now emerging as Pakistan’s national hero, to replace the disgraced Dr A.Q. Khan. The Chinese missiles assembled in Fatehjang are tested in Balochistan. Shaheen-1 was test-fired in Sonmiani in Lasbela district of Balochistan. Shaheen-2 was also test-fired from Balochistan. Dr A.Q. Khan was entrusted with the task of assembling missiles of North Korean origin like Ghauri-1 and Ghauri-2. These missiles were test-fired either from Dera Ghazi Khan or Jhelum district in Pakistani Punjab. After the successful test-firing of a 500-kilometre-range nuclear-capable cruise missile named “Babur” in Balochistan on August 11, Dr Samar Mubarak Mand announced that Pakistan was going to commence serial production of cruise missiles in October this year. Pakistan does not have the capabilities to produce cruise missiles indigenously. It is, therefore, evident that the Wen Jiabao visit to Pakistan has been followed not merely by new Chinese supplies of fighter aircraft, naval frigates and tanks, but also by the supply of advanced cruise missiles to Pakistan. China itself acquired the 250-kilometre-range “MOSKIT” cruise missiles from Russia. It also acquired the 400-kilometre-range “DELILAH” cruise missiles from Israel. Between 1999 and 2001, it clandestinely acquired X-55 cruise missiles, capable of carrying a 200-kiloton nuclear warhead with a range of 2500 kilometres, from Ukraine. It has brought hundreds of Russian technicians to develop cruise missiles. All these efforts are being coordinated by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, a regular supplier of strategic missiles to Pakistan. Significantly, military and missile technology that China acquires from Russia is being transferred to Pakistan. Has New Delhi brought this to the notice of its friends in Moscow in recent days? China’s opposition to India’s permanent membership of the Security Council, its reservations about India being associated with regional forums in Central, East and South-East Asia and its nuclear/missile relationship with Pakistan suggest that there is a continuing Chinese aim to “contain” India. This does not mean that India should give up its efforts to normalise relations with China. We should, however, be realistic about China’s aims and ambitions. It would be ideal to develop a national consensus on Sino-Indian relations. It would be heartening if our concerns about the Chinese behaviour could be unambiguously conveyed by our CPM stalwarts like Mr. Prakash Karat during the course of the many exchanges they have with their fraternal Chinese communist comrades. There has unfortunately been yet another major intelligence failure, as our negotiating team evidently had no information about the impending cruise missile test by Pakistan, when finalising the text of the Agreement on Prior Notification of Missile Tests with its Pakistani counterparts earlier this month. National Security Adviser M.K. Narayanan was believed to be determined to revamp the entire functioning of our external intelligence set-up after a series of intelligence failures. Sadly, apart from Indira Gandhi, no Prime Minister in recent years has paid adequate attention to strengthening our human and covert intelligence capabilities. One hopes Dr Manmohan Singh will pay as much attention to the subject as he does to other aspects of national security.
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A legendary teacher
A
well-known Professor of history during my college days at Khalsa College, Amritsar, was, for over half a century ago, a sturdy, swarthy and Podgy Majha Jat who answered to the name of Prof. Waryam Singh. Though a popular and effective pedagogue, I remember him not for his scholarship, but for his Falstaffian frame, wit and paunch, and for his forays into high consense. His larger-than-life image had long been stamped on the college mind, and he hugely enjoyed his position as a devastating wit with whom it was prudent not to cross anytime, anywhere. The students, in any case, were “chicken-feed” for him, and his special turf was the faculty staff-room where he could tread on anyone’s corns, or ruin reputations at the fall of a piece of chalk. He was, indeed, a nemesis for all those humbugs who indulged in Chamchagiri in cock-and-bull college stories, and in talk about their academic triumphs and sexual conquests etc. The mills of his banter, ribaldry and irony were, then, instantly in action. And he was at his sparkling best when he would innocently introduce a subject and draw the intended victim into a web of vanities. And he knew precisely when to turn the hose full in the face. Even the
cleverest among them quailed when his roving and revelling eye lighted upon a face, and the rhetoric of raillery began to flow. He simply overtepped the moment, and a phenomenal readiness of wit and repartee protected him against any counter-attack. Both friends and foes had come to hold him in fear and awe, though there was no malice in the man. He could always turn a situation to his advantage, and convert an apparent defeat into a roaring success just by a trick of his tongue. He was a master of the instant quip. Though a whole volume of his witticisms could be collected, it’s only in the memory of his surviving colleagues that his image as a happy academic “rogue” lingers. And believe me, the expression carries also a touch of nostalgia and endearment. It appears that his mind was at once being fed by a grid of folk idiom and country jokes; and a hungry intellect in search of a diet of ironies. I can at best, recall here a couple of his “stories” for this campus wit is too vast a theme to be contained in a kind of sketch. And let me add that his humour had strong sexual and scatalogical overtures. Some sort of dirt gets linked to this kind of wit constitutively. And now to the “stories”. One day, he entered the staff-room and grunted meaningfully as he spoke in the accents of Mark Antony from his wanted perch on a side stool. “Friends, fellow academics and foes, ‘Lend me your ears’. I come to praise a most honourable Sikh scholar in our midst who has remained hidden from view like a rare pearl of the Orient. And that great man is no other than Professor Gurdial Singh “Cantab”. Why, even that celebrated British writer, Aldous Huxley, though it fit to lift Professor Cantab’s article, on Shelley, and publish it under his own signatures. Isn’t it wonderful? Give him a big hand”. That was enough to send the faculty into peals of laughter, while the wretched plagiarist didn’t know where to hide his head.
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Dateline
Washington Proposals to reform the United Nations Security Council are floundering in New York as contenders struggle to resolve their differences and at least two permanent members of the council threaten to block attempts at expansion. After months of negotiations, Indian diplomatic sources told The Tribune they were not optimistic about a proposal that has India as one of its sponsors making headway at the world body. Three proposals to expand the Security Council are currently being discussed. The most prominent of the three — one sponsored by Germany, Brazil, Japan and India, the so-called Group of Four — would expand the Security Council from 15 to 25 members by adding six permanent members without veto power (one for each of the G-4 nations and two for Africa) and four non-permanent seats elected for two-year terms. This plan is supported by Britain and France, but strongly opposed by China and the U.S. The second proposal is from the 53-nation African Union and seeks a 26-member Security Council. The AU plan would add six new permanent members, including two permanent seats for Africa. It calls for an additional five non-permanent seats and insists that new permanent members possess the veto power. A third proposal, from the Uniting for Consensus group, seeks 10 non-permanent members to the Security Council. Argentina, Canada, Italy, Mexico, Pakistan, South Korea, Spain, and Turkey are the most prominent supporters of this plan. A senior Indian diplomatic official, speaking on the condition of anonymity, said he was not optimistic about the Group of Four proposal making any headway because of “intra-regional, intra-group ambitions that see the Group of Four as restricting others.” Pakistan opposes India, Argentina and Mexico oppose Brazil, South Korea and China oppose Japan and Italy opposes Germany. Agreeing that the initiative was unlikely to make any progress, Mr T.P. Sreenivasan, a former deputy permanent representative of India to the United Nations, told The Tribune India should “wriggle out of the G-4 initiative. Even if the present resolution succeeds, the G-4 solidarity will disappear at the next stage.” He predicted that members of the G-4 would try to make bilateral deals “as Japan is already trying with Pakistan.” A proposal to expand the Security Council must clear two key hurdles. First, it must be supported by a two-third majority of the General Assembly, or 128 nations. Then it must be ratified by two-thirds of the General Assembly and all five current permanent members of the Security Council — the United States, Britain, China, France and Russia. The U.S. supports permanent membership for two nations, but has only publicly backed Japan’s bid for a permanent seat. However, Security Council reform is not a priority for Washington. Mr R. Nicholas Burns, under secretary of state for political affairs, noted that all the Group of Four members were “friends” of the U.S. But, he added, “we just feel that the Group of Four proposal and the other proposal, they would entail very large intake of countries under the Council in one swoop. We think that would be possibly injurious to the effectiveness of the Council and it wouldn’t be a wise and pragmatic step forward.” The General Assembly will convene its annual session in New York in September and U.S. officials have made clear they don’t want to see “all the oxygen sucked out of the room in the General Assembly by the Security Council debate.” The Group of Four backed off its insistence for veto powers for the new permanent members after Washington made it clear that it would not support such a proposal. Mr Anatol Lieven of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington said as far as the Bush administration is concerned, expansion of the Security Council is not a high priority because the Bush White House “despises the United Nations in general.” “It seems the U.S. is simply not prepared to make the kind of diplomatic and political investment necessary to get India a seat,” Mr Lieven told The Tribune. “In the end an India with a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council could not be relied on to simply vote for anything America did. A good deal of America’s unilateralist policies under Bush have just been too out of step with India’s anti-colonialist tradition to be acceptable (to New Delhi).” The addition of India will mean an ideological challenge to the U.S., Mr Sreenivasan agreed, adding that Japan, on the other hand, “will toe the Western line.” Security Council expansion will make it far more difficult for the United States to work through the Council, say Mr Gardiner and Mr Schaefer. “A larger Security Council with these nations as permanent members is likely to be less supportive of U.S. policy priorities. Moreover, any enlargement of the Council would make it more unwieldy and subject to conflicting interests contributing to gridlock that will paralyse the Council and decrease the probability that it will act quickly or effectively to address threats to international peace and security.” Meanwhile, U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan has given the countries pushing for Security Council reform until December to resolve their differences. “December 2005 is not a realistic deadline,” said Mr. Sreenivasan. Some officials are optimistic that even if the proposal makes no headway at present, in the long term “nothing dies within the U.N. system” and these proposals “will remain in circulation until a consensus is reached.”
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Side-effects of verdict
on painkillers THE
decision to award $253m to a widow whose husband died after taking Vioxx might be good news for the thousands of people in the US, UK and elsewhere who suffered after using the blockbuster drug, but there remains a nasty after-effect for the drugs industry. While drugs companies are still digesting the impact of last Friday’s decision in a court in Angleton, a small town in Texas, investors demonstrated clearly they feared the resounding verdict against Merck could kick-start a wave of litigation against major pharmaceuticals companies over other controversial drugs. Shares in Pfizer, the world’s largest drug maker, whose painkillers Bextra and Celebrex are similar to Vioxx, fell 33 cents to $25.55 on Friday, while Eli Lilly closed down 5 cents at $52.57. In Britain analysts were busy assessing the implications for GlaxoSmithKline, which faces concerns on both sides of the Atlantic over its antidepressant Seroxat, and AstraZeneca, which has been criticised by consumer groups in the US over its cholesterol drug, Crestor. Vioxx, a painkiller aimed at those suffering from arthritis, was taken by 20 million Americans and many in other countries before it was withdrawn on 30 September last year after Merck said a study had shown the drug increased the risk of heart attacks or strokes. Merck, whose shares plunged 8 per cent on Friday after the verdict in the first Vioxx case, immediately vowed to appeal against decision. It added that it was considering putting Vioxx back on the market to reinforce its belief that the drug helps millions of people. Yet Mark Lanier, the high-profile Texan lawyer who tried the case - over the death of Robert Ernst, a 59-year-old marathon runner who died after taking Vioxx for eight months - said the number of people likely to file suits against the drugs giant was already increasing. According to various Wall Street banks, Merck will have to pay between $5bn and $50bn in total compensation to victims who have suffered adverse side-effects from taking Vioxx, and faces the prospect of 10 years of legal wranglings. The industry is also worried that the risk-reward balance to drug development is now out of kilter. Of course the blow to Merck’s reputation could be more serious than the final bill it faces from the litigation. David Graham, a scientist at America’s Food and Drug Administration, who attracted international attention last year when he said Vioxx had contributed to the death of about 140,000 people, said the jury’s decision was “an indictment of the essence of the company. The jury said Merck knew what it was doing and went ahead and did it anyway”. Dr Graham’s views have been dismissed by many in the drugs industry. But they privately admit they are more concerned about a radical change of attitude by the regulator than by the risk of widespread litigation over other drugs. The FDA has already swung to become more cautious since the outcry over Vioxx, taking longer to approve drugs, according to many in the industry. This year it has requested that GlaxoSmithKline suspend tests on an experimental drug to treat multiple sclerosis while it investigates the deaths of several patients this year after they took Tysabri, an MS drug made by Elan and Biogen
Idec. — The Independent |
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From Pakistan ISLAMABAD:
Pakistan will soon take help from Interpol to arrest its nationals who are residing in various Middle-East countries and are involved in human trafficking, especially of children who are used as camel jockeys. “There are 7,000 to 10,000 Pakistani children who have been taken illegally to various Middle-East countries. These children are working as camel jockeys. We would soon take help from the Interpol to arrest members of a number of Pakistani gangs who are operating in the Middle-East and are involved in trafficking of Pakistani children to be used as camel jockeys,” said Minister of State for Overseas Pakistanis Senator Tariq Azeem Khan, while speaking at a press conference here on Tuesday.
— Dawn
TV sets get cheaper LAHORE:
Sale of substandard colour television sets is on the rise in the city owing to their low prices. Market sources told The Nation that some importers have adopted a unique way of utilising obsolete computer monitors by importing assembled kits of television sets separately and are using the second hand monitor picture tube converting it to television set. Many dealers at their shops at Hall Road and Hafeez Centre have displayed the banners quoting a low price of 3,600 for a 14-inch TV set and Rs 4,200 for a 17-inch set having 200 channels and other additional features. The price holds charm for those consumers who still cannot afford branded TV sets, although their prices are falling due to intense competition and price war among the producers. The persistent rise in the number of new foreign and local entertainment and news channels have caught the attention of consumers who have virtually gone wild in bringing home TV sets at various price tags. This rising demand has given a tremendous boost to the sales of locally assembled television sets as well as substandard TV sets. But the local TV manufacturers feel irked by the rising sale of substandard TV sets that has been fast capturing a sizable volume, thus threatening the financial viability of the local industry.
— The Nation
School syllabi to be changed ISLAMABAD: The syllabi of schools and colleges will be changed soon, said Federal Minister for Education Lieutenant-General
(retd) Javed Ashraf Qazi. He was addressing a ceremony for the distribution of ‘National Presidential Awards’ among top position-holders of all education boards at secondary and higher secondary levels for the years 2002 and 2003 here on Tuesday. The minister said that the Ministry of Education in collaboration with experts would start work on the revision of syllabi for secondary and higher secondary schools in November or December this year. The need for reviewing syllabi has arisen in view of changing requirements of the modern world. “All obsolete material will be excluded but the Islamic element will remain intact,” said the minister.
— The News |
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From the pages of Inoculation disaster
IT was the night of the Dewali festival, a night on which every hamlet, village, and town in Upper India was illuminated, that in Malkowal, consisting of 30 or so households, over a score of men — healthy and vigorous in the morning — lay rolling in their beds in death agony. A couple of days previously the poor little Pind was startled by the visit of the mighty Tehsildar himself at the head of a posse of Zaildars and Lumbardars, bent on an inoculatory mission. The villagers were, each and all, averse to being operated on, and persistent persuasions of these Zaildars and others only resulted in many of them running away as if for dear life. As subsequent events proved, they had actually run for dear life. The fugitives crept back at night, never to leave their homes alive again! On the Dewali morning the male population of the village, including one or two others — twenty-five in all — were inoculated in a batch, against their will as their widows started beating their breasts. Within 48 hours, if the statements of the frenzied relatives are to be believed, 21 of the number were dead. Within the week, at any rate, the whole lot had gone to their eternal rest. Not one survives to tell of how it all happened. |
The Lord has done so many things so will He not show people the way to worship Him? ... He is our Inner Guide. — Ramakrishna This is what should be done by one who is skilled in goodness, and who knows the path of peace: Let them be able and upright, straightforward and gentle in speech. Humble and not conceited. — The Buddha In this world are many things that greatly attract our senses. There are also things that captivate our senses and make them as prisoners. Try to keep your senses free and within your control. — Book of quotations on Hinduism It’s not a field, for people who need to have success every day: if you can’t live with a nightly sort of disaster, you should get out. Those ghosts you chase you never catch. — Book of quotations on success Religions... may be absorbed, but they are never disproved. — Book of quotations on religion
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