Sunday,
August 25, 2002, Chandigarh, India |
SPECIAL FOCUS How a lie-detector test
is done |
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It was a
perfect family The caste angle Patch-up
bid failed in ’99
He paid
the price for his vision & honesty
Is
Fernandes angry with Govt and Kalam?
Rajiv
Sadbhavana awards for the deserving
|
Is it so? MRS Madhu Sharma has alleged Mr Pramod Mahajan’s “links” with Shivani Bhatnagar. Is it so? To support her point, she has repeatedly demanded lie-detector test and DNA test for him. It may be mentioned that Shivani’s father is an RSS activist and she used to cover legal matters in 1998 during her stint as Principal Correspondent with The Indian Express in New Delhi. |
How a lie-detector test is done THE first modern polygraph, popularly known as “lie-detector”, was developed by John A. Larson, a medical student at the University of California in the USA, in collaboration with a police officer. Since the instrument was capable of recording blood pressure, pulse and respiration continuously and simultaneously, it was called a polygraph. The police first used the polygraph as an interrogation device in 1924. It is held that physiological phenomena such as blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration are affected by a person's emotional condition. These phenomena are not generally subject to voluntary control. A pneumograph tube is fastened around the subject's chest. A blood pressure-pulse cuff is strapped around his arm. As the operator puts questions, to the subject, changes in the physiological phenomena are recorded on a moving graph paper as in an ECG machine. A long questionnaire is prepared in which loaded questions are mingled with a large number of innocuous questions. Experts then analyse the data and correlate the subject’s response to specific questions. Then the experts decide on which questions the subject had lied and where he was truthful. Though in use for almost 80 years, the polygraph test’s reliability is not universally accepted. The results are not always judicially acceptable.
All about DNA test What is a DNA test? Also called DNA typing, it is akin to fingerprints. British geneticist Alec Jeffreys determined that each organism has a unique pattern of sequences of DNA (called minisatellites). However, exception to this rule are multiple individuals from a single zygote like identical twins. The chemical DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was first discovered in 1869 but its role in genetic inheritance was demonstrated only in 1943.In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick determined that the structure of DNA is a double-helix polymer, a spiral consisting of two DNA strands wound around each other. Each strand is composed of a long chain of monomer nucleotides. The nucleotide of DNA consists of a deoxyribose sugar molecule to which is attached a phosphate group and one of four nitrogenous bases: two purines (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine). The nucleotides are joined together by covalent bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next, forming a phosphate-sugar backbone from which the nitrogenous bases protrude.
(See Figure 1). The configuration of DNA molecule is highly stable, allowing it to act as a template for the replication of new DNA molecules, as well as for the production (transcription) of the related RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecule. A segment of DNA that codes for the cell’s synthesis of a specific protein is called a gene. DNA replicates by separating into two single strands, each of which serves as a template for a new strand.
(See Figure 3). (Courtesy: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.,
1998). DNA is the chemical that makes up chromosomes and codes and controls the genetic information for the transmission of inherited traits from parents to their children. DNA of a single human cell is 6.5 feet long. A DNA fingerprint is created by taking of sample of cells containing DNA, for example from skin, blood or hair. After DNA is extracted, it is purified. It is then cut at specific points. After subjecting the fragmented DNA to a series of chemical reactions and radiography, an x-ray is taken. The pattern of DNA is analysed to compare DNA of a suspect and the samples collected from the scene of a crime, like blood, semen or hair. DNA typing is useful in establishing the guilt or innocence of a suspect in cases like rape or murder. It can be used to determine paternity of a child as well as the identify of a victim. The technique has been at times challenged on grounds of sample contamination, faulty preparation procedures and erroneous interpretation of the results. A classic case in this regard was DNA typing of some people killed in Kashmir by security forces claiming them to be terrorists. |
It was a perfect family IT was a perfect family till the ghosts from the past came out to haunt them. The Sharmas, it seems, have still to come to terms with their “ new found (anti) hero” status. Ravi Kant Sharma had everything going the right way for him. Son of a well acclaimed bureaucrat and philanthropist, Mr.
J. D. Sharma, and himself an IPS officer of 1976 batch, he was a man much envied by his colleagues till his name figured in the Shivani murder case three years ago. After a
successful stint in Haryana at various levels, his career graph rose after he joined the CBI on deputation in the late 80’s. After completing several high profile assignments in the premiere investigating agency, he was selected by Interpol and went to Lyons in France. On return, he joined the PMO and later had a stint as Chief Vigilance Officer with Air India at Mumbai. It was here that he got into the limelight for all the wrong reasons and returned to his parent cadre three years ago. Since then, this sauve and ambitious officer, say his colleagues, had turned into a recluse. However, Ravi Kant’s wife, Madhu Sharma, who he had met almost 30 years ago while they were studying together in Panjab University, continued to court the media, courtesy her work at Panchkula’s Bal Niketan — a home for destitute children. In fact, she had recently been awarded the President's Medal for Child Welfare. The couple’s daughters, Pragati and Komal, too, have had an impeccable academic record. While the elder daughter, Pragati is employed with an MNC at Delhi after her Masters in Business Administration from the prestigious SP Jain Institute of Management, Mumbai, Komal is a gold medalist in Masters in Sociology from Panjab University. Komal had just taken up a job with the Family Planning Association of India, when the family was shaken by the revelations of the Delhi Police in the Shivani murder case. |
The caste angle THE extent of support Mr Ravi Kant Sharma has received from his well-wishers can be the envy of politicians. The case has tested the popularity of Ravi Kant. When his wife, Madhu, held her first press conference, a large number of friends and well-wishers of the Sharmas were present on the occasion. Though the supporters belonged to all castes, a distinct caste divide was obvious. A majority of them were
Brahmins. Various organisations of the community in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal have issued statements in support of Ravi and Madhu. Ever since Ravi has been named as the key conspirator in the case, Sharmas’ residence in Sector 6, Panchkula, has been swarming with representatives of Brahmin Sabhas from all over the region to express their support to the “beleaguered family”. The day Ravi Kant filed an application in a Panchkula court for interim bail, a large number of Brahmins from all over the state and Himachal Pradesh were present there to hear the verdict. They were present even in the Delhi court. Mr Hari Mohan Sharma, President of the Akhil Bharatiya Brahmin Samaj, who had never met Ravi, told newsmen waiting outside Sharmas’ residence that implicating an IPS officer in the murder case was “an attack on the Brahmins”. |
Patch-up bid failed in ’99 A retired DSP (Haryana CID) had tried in 1999 for a patch-up between Mr Ravi Kant Sharma and the Bhatnagar family. According to Mr Subhash Bhatnagar, the DSP rang him to say that since the Delhi Police was suspecting Ravi, Rakesh, Shivani’s husband and Subhash’s younger brother, should withdraw the murder case. Subhash, an advocate at Ambala, told the DSP that this was not possible. Next day the Bhatnagars were visited by the Delhi Police, which seemed to have tapped their phone, and asked them about the DSP's request. It is not known if the police questioned him, who stays in Ambala. Subhash says Delhi Police had been suspecting Rakesh all these years. Subhash does not agree with Mrs Madhu Sharma's allegations against Mr Pramod Mahajan and considers her husband to be the “real culprit”.
— YG |
Chronology of events after the journalist’s killing
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He paid the price for his vision & honesty IN one-to-one meeting or group interaction, one is impressed by clarity of thought and firmness of purpose of Union Power Minister, Suresh Prabhu, who has become a victim of Shiv Sena supremo Bal Thackeray’s wrath for the second time. “Dictator”, as he would like to call himself, Thackeray does not want any of his “sainik” to grow beyond a point and assert his independent identity. Reform-friendly and a chartered accountant by profession, Prabhu has acquired the image of one of the bright ministers of the Vajpayee government. His drive and vision opened up new vistas in the sagging power sector. However, the Sena boss has other yardstick to judge his party’s ministers; he blamed the young minister for not taking care of the party’s interests. What are party’s interests? Obviously, enough funds were not forthcoming for the organisation. Also another charge of Thackeray was that Prabhu wanted to project an image of “Mr. Clean”; an expression used for Rajiv Gandhi. “Sena Ministers do not give me any satisfaction. Each has his own funny ideas”, he is reported as saying in a recent interview. Trouble has been brewing for Prabhu for the
past two years. As far back as October 2000, Narayan Rane, a confidant of Thackeray, complained that Prabhu had helped set up a parallel Shiv Sena under the banner of “Manav Sewa Sandhan Sanstha”. Among the faction-ridden Shiv Sena, Prabhu was outnumbered by those who were envious of his meteoric rise in Delhi’s power circuit. Thackeray said only last week in an interview in his party mouthpiece “Saamana” that Prabhu had failed to created a “lobby” in the corridors of power in New Delhi to protect economic interests of Maharashtra. In April, this year, at the party’s Shirdi conclave Thackeray rebuked Prabhu and even warned him to mend his ways. The result was Prabhu’s resignation, but the Prime Minister and other senior leaders of the BJP persuaded the Sena boss not to insist on the ouster of Prabhu as he has been doing a good job in the Power Ministry. The youthful minister thus got four months reprieve. His fate again hangs in balance and there is scant hope of his survival. One does not know how Bombay University-educated and a CA, Suresh Prabhu came in contact with Thackeray and became a Shivsainik. None of the traits of his personality match the fanatical activism of a Shivsainik. Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu made headlines in the national press when he was elected, for the first time, in 1996 to the Lok Sabha from the prestigious Rajapur constituency of Maharashtra, associated with the name of the prominent socialist leader and veteran Parliamentarian, Madhu Dandavate. Within months — in May-June, 1996 — Prabhu became a cabinet minister with as weighty a portfolio as the Ministry of Industry. Youngest in the Cabinet, Prabhu was only 43, then and enjoyed the blessings of Thackeray. Rarely a first-time MP is given Cabinet rank but the Sena boss does not believe in propriety. Also, at the same time, political uncertainty gripped India as the country faced mid-term polls one after another. India, unwittingly, slipped into an era of coalition. In the 1998 mid-term poll, Prabhu again romped home with a comfortable majority as the Shiv Sena nominee. Still in the good books of the Sena Supremo, he was inducted into the ministry and allocated the portfolio of Environment and Forests. His support to non-government agencies, striving to preserve natural resources, made him popular overnight. His support base in Rajapur remained intact in yet another mid-term poll in 1999 and he was re-elected for the third term. This time his portfolio was Chemicals and Fertilizers but he kept a low profile and maintained his integrity. Reports say that Bala Sahib became more and more demanding and the chasm between the two gradually widened. Prabhu was given the charge of the Power Ministry following the untimely passing away of Rangarajan Kumarmangalam two years back. The power sector, after all, is the backbone of third generation reforms and Prabhu took his new job with total commitment to show results. Unlike many of his colleagues, the young minister had a long-term vision; how would the power sector look like after ten years. Thackeray did not like Sena Minister’s vision and began ridiculing Prabhu as “Alice in wonderland”; his pet phrase. Prabhu’s noteworthy achievement was to try and get the state governments to implement programmes to reforms the power sector. This was a difficult task as power generation remains in the hands of the state governments. He was in the process of achieving this objective through a combination of powerful financial instruments when Thackeray removed the plug. The only hopeful sign is that the Prime Minister has not yet forwarded Prabhu’s letter of resignation to the President and the Sena dictator may not press it for immediate acceptance. |
Is Fernandes angry with Govt and Kalam? WHEN Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was being sworn in as Vice President of India in the Ashok Hall of Rashtrapati Bhavan on August 19, the focus of attention for many was not the ceremony but the back row. Defence Minister George Fernandes was sitting there though as per the protocol he should have been in the front row. Several officials rushed to him and asked him to take his rightful seat. But he declined. At the end of the ceremony, Fernandes paced up to Shekhawat, congratulated him and walked out without waiting for tea which was to follow immediately thereafter. Obviously this created a flutter and was taken by many as a symbolic move by “George Saab” that he was unhappy with the government. A similar story was seen on July 25 when President APJ Abdul Kalam was sworn in. George Saab was not present at the swearing-in ceremony, though he was in town. When the President gave the customary “At Home” reception on Independence Day, the Defence Minister was again conspicuous by his absence. This sent tongues wagging about the changing equation between Fernandes and Kalam. Not too long ago, Kalam had been assisting Fernandes and now he has become the Supreme Commander of the three armed services. But there is yet another theory explaining George Saab’s actions. The Defence Minister is a veteran socialist and like Mamatadi of Trinamool Congress has his own moonphases of moods and also likes theatrics. Sonia’s letters Political heavyweights normally comment on events of national importance and mostly these comments come in interactions with mediapersons. Congress president Sonia Gandhi has her own way of conveying the party’s viewpoint. She writes letters to Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee. Sonia Gandhi has written several letters in the past few months on important issues and the latest has been on the proposed ordinance regarding cancellation of petrol pumps. Some letters have been written even when Parliament was in session. Mrs Gandhi wrote five letters on the issue of providing greater security to Jammu and Kashmir PCC chief Ghulam Nabi Azad. While letters on providing greater security to Mr Azad have failed to yield the desired result, some letters have made an impact, or so the Congressmen feel. Soon after Sonia Gandhi’s letter against the first ‘Gaurav Yatra’ of Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi, Vajpayee acted to have the yatra deferred. Now with the Gujarat government having revived plans of Gaurav Yatra, Sonia Gandhi has sent another missive to the Prime Minister on the need of maintaining communal harmony. It is unlikely that ‘Gaurav Yatra’ would be deferred this time. Going by the frequency of letters, there soon could be a book on the letters between the Leader of Opposition and the Prime Minister. From IB to BBC About a week back, came a media report quoting the Gujarat Intelligence Bureau that post-Godhra riots were spread to more areas than officially declared but the Bharatiya Janata Party remained unmoved ignoring it. Comparing the IB to BBC, a leader remarked that the two can always be used to confirm or deny a development depending on which side of the Government you are. If you are in the Opposition then you can use the BBC report to reinforce you argument saying that the BBC has reported it. And for the media, stories based on intelligence reports are a safer bet as these agencies normally don’t contradict news stories. And the Government is always on the delivery end as media, Opposition and even the people use the two according to their preferences, the leader said. In jail during emergency days we were cheered up by visitors when they told us that we were going to be released according to a BBC report or a friend in IB. Loses weight The heavyweight BJP leader and former Chief Minister of Gujarat Keshubhai Patel is understood to have lost about eight kilos due to his regular workouts and yoga much to the happiness of the party bigwigs. With the party high command appointing him as the Chairman of the campaign and Election Management Committee for Gujarat polls, BJP leaders close to him feel that a much healthier Patel, who wields lot of clout among the Patel community in the State, will be able to play a greater role for the party’s success. It is understood that Patel spends nearly four hours per day for his workouts and yoga. Uphill task At one time they were all in the running for the UPCC presidentship but finally Arun Kumar Singh Munna made it to the post as Congress president Sonia Gandhi decided to have a Thakur to lead the state organisation. Other Thakurs in contention were former MPs Harikesh Bahadur and Santosh Singh and one-day Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Jagdambika Pal. Till the formal announcement, all of them were extending arguments as why the UPCC should be led by a Rajput. But at a recent UPCC meeting all of them absented themselves which was noticed by one and all. When reports of their non-cooperation reached the party high command, a senior leader commented it is natural as they are Rajputs. How can they accept a fellow Rajput’s leadership as historically they always have been rulers not followers. Contributed by T V Lakshminarayan, Satish Misra, Prashant Sood, S.Satyanarayanan and Rajeev Sharma. |
Rajiv Sadbhavana awards for the deserving IT was a pleasant surprise to see two extremely deserving people bag this year's Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana awards. One is Harsh Mander, the 1984 batch Sikh bureaucrat who resigned from the IAS (Chhattisgarh cadre) as his conscience couldn't take the Gujarat carnage. The other is Communalism Combat's editor Teesta Setalvad. While Mander is media-shy, Teesta is fiery and spares none of the present-day politicians. In fact, people like Mander and Setalvad should be invited by student bodies and citizens’ fora because it is crucial to hear them expose the who's who at the helm. On Friday day evening, I met a senior bureaucrat Virendra Prakash at writer Ajeet Cour's Centre for Arts and Literature. Virendra Prakash (UT cadre) retired as Secretary to GOI. He served the capital city as the Chief Secretary, Municipal Commissioner, Development Commissioner, besides heading Delhi's first Finance Commission. He was also the Adviser to two Governors of
Jammu and Kashmir (1990- '92). He has been bold enough to expose the Hindutva cry of this government in his latest book — 'Hindutva Demystified’ (Virgo). He told me he wrote this book after “a keen insight into the minds of the top guns of the Sangh Parivar...Sangh Parivar's Hindutva ideology is a far cry from true Hinduism...Hindutva is a specially designed construct aimed at achieving political objectives. It is not at all to be confused with Hinduism. In reality, it often manifests itself as the very antithesis of all that is noble to Hinduism...what is shocking beyond words is the fact that today — March-April, 2002, in Gujarat— they (Sangh Parivar) do so from behind the shield of a state government that has unfortunately fallen into the hands of one of their own kind. Even more disappointing, rather disgusting is the open display of Himalayan hypocrisy. One day we hear the BJP Prime Minister say that he is ashamed, that he does not know with what face he would go to foreign countries and asks Chief Minister Narendra Modi to observe his Rajdharma of treating all the people on an equal footing. After a week, in an unbashed volte -face, we find him covering up the happenings in Gujarat in a typical Modi speak, implying that Indian Muslims are subset of the worldwide jihadi
terrorism...” Partying
has begun! Every evening is party time here. The latest round of parties are being held as farewell dos for the outgoing Egyptian Ambassador to India, Gehad Madi and his spouse, Mona. He leaves on the 29 of this month and till the very last day, the farewells would continue. Last weekend, the Ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman, Khalifa Bin Ali Al Harthy hosted a splendid farewell lunch in the new premises of this embassy — a majestic building built by the city's well known builder Harcharan Singh Nag (who, I am told, specialises in constructing embassies). The best part of the architecture is that it’s a mix and a match of those historical monuments of the bygone era with that of the present-day modern buildings. |
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