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Independence:
Pride and disappointment
By K.S.
Bajwa
MY generation grew up during the
years of the gathering momentum of our struggle for
freedom. Many of us, very proudly and with great
devotion, wore the uniform of this beloved nation,
through the run-up to Independence and the critical
period of consolidation and defense of its integrity that
followed. While pride endures, belied hopes and
disappointments are sufficiently disturbing to ponder and
appraise what Independence has meant to us.
World War I initiated the
awareness which eventually loosened the colonial grip
over a large part of the world. It, however, took nearly
four decades and a cataclysmic World War II for the ideas
of Independence to blossom into freedom struggles of
sufficient strength that succeeded in overthrowing the
yokes of slavery. My generation born after World War I
was fully exposed to the penetration of liberal ideas.
The concept of freedom as a human birthright seeped in
and became a part of the theme of our thinking. For me
personally this outlook presented a major change from the
feudal ethos into which I was born. My prominent
land-owning family was a pillar of the prevailing order
and naturally inclined to the continuity of the status
quo. However, by the early thirties, we, the younger
generation, had reached an age of awareness that readily
absorbed the flow of liberal thought. At about the same
time, the atrocity of Jallianwala bagh, the martyrdom of
Lala Lajpat Rai, the hanging of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and
Sukhdev, the Akali morcha, the Kuka agitation, the
Non-cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi and
above all, the intensification of the freedom struggle
under his moral influence in the age-old traditions of
this ancient land had made a profound impact on our young
minds. Many of my contemporaries studying at Lahore
joined the mainstream of the freedom movement. In my
case, though I was emotionally drawn to it, the
constraints of family traditions and practices held me
back. In May, 1945, while World War II, was still being
fought, I joined the Army. This came about not so much
due to any desire to subscribe to the British war effort
but largely because there were no other career openings
and soldiering was a time-honoured family tradition. For
the first time coming in close contact with the often
ugly side of hordes of British trainees at the officer
cadet training schools, lent a clear focus to our Indian
emotions and identity. The INA trials in the Red Fort at
Delhi gave a sharp edge to our yearning for freedom. Came
August 15, 1947, and we virtually shouted from
house-tops, "We are free!"
The upsurge of pride and
emotions was such that we were able to endure the pain of
an upheaval of displacement from the very roots of my
family enshrined for over 500 years in the rich soil of
Kalaswala, Sialkot district, now in Pakistan. The loss of
a feudal way of life, with which we had been comfortable
for centuries, too, was taken in our stride. We rebuilt
our families and lives with pride and rising hopes. I
soldiered with eager devotion to defend the very concept
of a secular India against the Pakistani invasion of
Jammu and Kashmir. We triumphed to the thrust of Indian
pride.
Today after nearly 50
years, I can still relive some of the deep patriotic
stirrings of those momentous days. The soldiers, despite
the heavy odds, fought to defend and consolidate the
nation. The people took us to their hearts and we basked
in their admiration and affection. We admired Nehru and
so many of the heroes of the freedom struggle associated
with him. Our faith and adulation was such that we did
not look too closely into their failures to promote our
long-term national interests in Kashmir and along our
northern borders with Tibet. When I look back now, I can
perceive the whisk of a shadow of disillusionment that
slowly crept over our horizons with every passing year.
We watched with passivity compounded out of our
discipline and commitment to uphold the democratic
legitimacy of our governance. While the country by and
large held together, the soldier became the victim of a
mounting neglect for which the nation and the soldier
paid heavily in humiliation and blood in 1962.
Some of the national
icons, especially Nehru, lost their shine for ever. The
nation was shaken to its core. So were the men in
uniform. But the nation rallied and we drew strength and
fresh resolves. We realised that we must be prepared to
face an even greater threat from Pakistan emboldened by
massive US military and economic aid. We set to rebuild
with a single minded purpose. In June, 1964, I was
charged to raise a new artillery regiment by September
30, 1965. We knew that we would need it earlier. We
worked hard and had a regiment fit for war by end of
January, 1965. In April, 1965, Pakistan tested our
preparedness and our resolves in Kutch. We did not come
off too well. In May 1965, my regiment was airlifted to
Kargil for operations. We won this round. In July-August,
we cleaned up the Pakistan armed infiltration into
Kashmir. In September Pakistan launched the expected war.
Even though the expansion and reorganisation was not yet
fully completed, we generally held the Pakistani attack
in Chhamb, decimated the Pakistani armoured thrust in the
Khemkaran sector of Punjab and carried the fight into
Pakistan in both the Amritsar and Jammu sectors, where we
made substantial territorial gains.
At the end, we had
regained much of our elan lost in 1962, though the
outcome was not decisive. We did surmise that another
round would not be far off. We could not rest. Soon 1971
was upon us. In December, we won a decisive victory over
Pakistan. East Pakistan was eliminated. Bangladesh is
gradually coming round to build friendly relations. In
the West, Pakistan was contained and we again made
substantial territorial gains. Regrettable, as we did in
1947 and 1965, we threw away our advantages and did not
wrest a sustainable security for Kashmir and the rest of
the country. We continue to pay for our follies in blood
and arrested development in Kashmir and many other parts
of the country.
We were fully engaged with
the aftermath of 1971 till almost 1974. This period from
1947 to 1974 had been critical for consolidation and
defense of the country. The soldiers had little time to
reflect upon the growth of the nation within. When we had
time to look around and absorb what was happening to the
nation, the disillusionment lying buried in layers of
pride, faith and hopes started rising to the surface of
consciousness. When we took stock of political, economic
and social developments in the country, we realised that
our hopes and expectations had been belied. We had a vast
capital of an eager human resource to be channelled and
led to find greatness for this beloved land with a
heritage of culture and traditions of human excellence
going back into ancient centuries. Down these centuries,
a rigid caste system had held our society in a tight
thrall. It did provide stability but created a social
order resting on human bondage. Thousand years of rule by
dynasties that brought Islam into the subcontinent weaned
away people to the new religion largely from the lower
castes. Though the caste rigidity was somewhat loosened,
it failed to make a significant dent into its practices.
Besides economic exploitation of the country during the
Raj, it suited the British purpose to continue with a
social status quo.
We had entered into an era
of our Independence with high expectations of progress to
a better deal for our people. Many of these hopes have
been overtaken by disappointment and despair.
Nevertheless, the faith in the inherent strength of our
people to overcome and to rise to our promised destiny
remains
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