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Deal time
in Pakistan Onion
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Above
the Nobel
US
foreign policy worries
Frenzy
of Partition
Lobbying
for India on Capitol Hill Record
temperatures in Arctic heat wave Defence Notes
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Deal time in Pakistan The
much-talked-about deal between Gen Pervez Musharraf and PPP leader Benazir Bhutto seems to have been virtually finalised despite any formal announcement. The latest proof is the Pakistan government’s decision to drop all the corruption cases against the self-exiled former Prime Minister, one of her key demands for facilitating the General’s re-election as President. While a major roadblock in the way of her homecoming is going to be removed, the constitutional bar on her becoming Prime Minister for a third time may be done away with once the General settles down as President after doffing his uniform. She has maintained a clear distance from the non-PPP opposition parties for the past few weeks. The PPP members of the national and provincial assemblies have not submitted their resignations as the other opposition members have done. The PPP has hinted that its lawmakers may abstain from voting during the presidential election on October 6 to facilitate General Musharraf’s victory. It appears that everything is moving in conformity with a prepared script. Both the General and Ms Bhutto need each other for their political survival. The international community (read the US), too, is interested in the two leaders remaining in control of the situation in Pakistan to rein in the religious fundamentalists, who cannot be depended upon. Those in the ruling PML (Q), patronised by General Musharraf, who are opposed to Ms Bhutto being allowed to become Prime Minister again may be silenced by the General once he is free from his re-election worries. General Musharraf has little to fear from Ms Bhutto after she recaptures the post of Prime Minister. The constitution of Pakistan has given enough powers to the President to deal with an uncooperative head of the government. General Musharraf may, however, feel uncomfortable after handing over power to his otherwise trusted man in the army, Gen Ashfaque Pervez Kiani. This is not because after his elevation going up the ladder General Kiani may start favouring Ms Bhutto, as he was her deputy military secretary when she was Prime Minister in1988. General Musharraf’s problem is Pakistan’s history, which has it that anyone who is chief of the most powerful institution of that country sets his own agenda, not bothering about the wishes of his mentors. But the circumstances are such that General Musharraf cannot change the course he has chosen to follow for expediency, if not for a principle.
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Onion tears While
the government may draw comfort from inflation being at a low of 3.23 per cent, the prices of certain commodities of daily use rule uncomfortably high for the common citizen. In the past few days the onion prices have shot up to Rs 30 a kg after reports of rain damage to the crop in Maharashtra’s Nashik area. Surprisingly, until Tuesday India was exporting onions. Then the government suddenly woke up to the situation and suspended all exports for a fortnight. The Union Agriculture Minister has ruled out the import of onions to meet the shortage and the government expects the prices to ease in about 15 days when the fresh crop will arrive. The Delhi government has set up its own stalls to make onions available at affordable prices. Hoarders have obviously taken advantage of the situation and whipped up fears of scarcity while the government agencies were sleeping. What is more, the prices of pulses too are set to soar with the supplies from Myanmar having slowed down due to the turmoil there. With the production of pulses declining in India as also the US, Russia and China, the country has to depend on imports from Myanmar. Right now the price rise is marginal, but it could shoot up if the government fails to take immediate steps to check hoarders. A few months ago wheat and pulse prices had scaled new highs while the government watched helplessly. Then recently the Agriculture Ministry had to import wheat at double the minimum support price, attracting valid criticism from local farmers. With government agencies engaged in bulk trading of commodities, it is strange why a price rise cannot be foreseen and corrective measures are taken well in advance. There is a need to strengthen the futures market so that the commodity prices and the demand-supply situation can be assessed in time and price fluctuations prevented.
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Above the Nobel BETTER late than never, the Swedish Nobel Committee has regretted not awarding Mahatma Gandhi its coveted Peace Prize. The regret has come 60 years after the assassination of the Father of the Nation. The committee, the functioning of which is not open to public scrutiny, has not explained why it overlooked the claims of the apostle of peace, who invented the passive resistance form of protest against a mighty foreign ruler, when the honour should have naturally been conferred on him. Of course, Nobel prizes were not always awarded on merit alone. There were occasions when they were awarded to make a political statement. In Gandhi’s case, too, politics stood in the way of honouring him. At that time the committee could not consider him as he was waging a struggle against the British Empire. Awarding him would have meant supporting India’s Independence movement. The Nobel Committee could have redeemed its own honour by awarding him the Prize when India became independent. Alas, he was gunned down by an assassin within a few months of India attaining independence. Since, as a rule, the Nobel is not given posthumously, no amend was possible. In the process, the Peace Prize lost much of its appeal. However, the denial did not make any difference to Gandhi, who is today recognised the world over as one of the greatest fighters for peace, human freedom and dignity. And it is about him that the great scientist, Albert Einstein, prophetically said that people would scarcely believe that a person like Gandhi lived on this earth. The Mahatma’s popularity as an original thinker and statesman remains intact even six decades after his assassination. The Nobel has eluded him but there are winners of the Peace Prize, who drew their inspiration from the Mahatma, in whatever they did for their people. Nelson Mandela of South Africa, Aung San Suu Kyi of Myanmar, Martin Luther King of the US, and Mother Teresa of India are some of those who have publicly admitted to having been influenced by the peaceful struggle Gandhi led against the British power that brought it down on its knees. Gandhi did not get his Nobel but Gandhism continues to fire the imagination of people across the world fetching in the process the Nobel for its practitioners.
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The whole world is in a state of chassis! — Sean O’Casey
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US foreign policy worries With
winter approaching fast, one of the most enthralling experiences of being in Washington DC in September is the staggering beauty of the golden-red leaves shining in the morning sun, before, to quote American crooner Nat King Cole, “the autumn leaves start to fall”. But the troubles the Bush administration now faces are such that one wonders if the advent of spring is going to bring any warmth to it, given the seeming intractability of the problems it has on the world stage. While various reasons are being given for the invasion of Iraq, the universally respected economist and former longtime Chairman of the Federal Reserve Alan Greenspan dropped a bombshell when I was in Washington proclaiming, “I am saddened that it is politically inconvenient to acknowledge what everyone knows that the Iraq war is largely about oil”. As American casualties mount in Iraq, comparisons are inevitably being made to the Vietnam debacle, as the United States struggles to extricate itself from a costly and domestically unpopular war. But it is now clear that the painful decision to finally withdraw will have to be taken by a successor administration after Mr George Bush relinquishes office in January 2009. The Democratic Party senses that it will return to the corridors of power soon. Its foreign policy Pundits are busy deciding what their priorities are going to be when they return to the White House, the State Department and the Pentagon. This, despite the fact that large sections of the American people are not too comfortable at the thought of Ms Hillary Clinton (a woman) or Mr Barrack Obama (an African-American) becoming President. The first change one could see with a Democratic Party administration is that rather than acting unilaterally or through a small “coalition of the willing,” there will be greater emphasis on acting through multilateral institutions like the UN and G-8. A future Democratic administration will return to a policy of extensive engagement with China, which would include greater military-to-military exchanges. Journalists and academics close to the Democratic Party believe that China’s current flirtations with an increasingly assertive Russia are a “marriage of convenience,” which lacks substantive economic content and cannot be abiding. Interestingly, Democratic Party insiders seem to be quite ready to accord China the role of a “benign hegemon” in East Asia. Those in India enthusiastic about moulding India-US relations on the basis of a joint effort to “contain” China would do well to bear this in mind. One cannot but note the astonishment in American minds about the strong opposition in India to the Indo-US nuclear deal. Even the non-proliferation Ayatollahs of the Clinton administration, however, feel that as the deal clears the way for an end to India’s international isolation in on nuclear issues, it will ultimately be accepted in India. They acknowledge that the US Congress will inevitably approve the 123 Agreement in its present form in what is called an “up and down vote”. But one should have no illusions that the old Clinton agenda of wanting to “cap, roll back and eliminate” India’s nuclear weapons programme has been forgotten, or discarded by the Clintonites. Those who lobbied for the deal recall that both Senator Hillary Clinton and Senator Barrack Obama supported “killer amendments,” which were rejected when the Hyde Act was debated. But there is a bipartisan consensus in Washington that it is in American interests to expand defence and economic ties and cooperate increasingly with an economically resurgent India, in forums like the G-8 and on global environmental issues. While the Bush administration has not taken any India-specific measures on nuclear issues, it appears certain that if the Democrats take charge of the White House high priority will be given to rejuvenating measures like the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the Fissile Material Cut off Treaty (FMCT) and the Convention on Biological Weapons. When these enthusiasts are reminded that it is unlikely that they can get a two-thirds majority in the US Senate to ratify the CTBT, there is hushed silence. Despite this, a Democrat administration will apply immense pressure to force India to accede to the CTBT and an FMCT. The Task Force comprising Mr K Subrahmanyam, Mr Arundhati Ghose and Mr Shyam Saran which is looking into these issues would be well advised to recall the skilful manner in which Mr. Vajpayee deflected pressure on the CTBT by proclaiming that India would not stand in the way of the CTBT coming into force. There is also need for firmness on any FMCT being non-discriminatory and internationally verifiable, especially given China’s continuing nuclear and missile transfers to Pakistan. If Saddam Hussein was the favourite whipping boy in Washington earlier, that role has now been taken over by Iran’s Mahmoud Ahmedinejad. Iran’s President owes this ogre-like image he evokes primarily to his anti-Semitic outbursts like questioning the historical accuracy of the Holocaust and threatening to “wipe out” Israel from the map. American pressures on our ties with Iran will, therefore, continue, irrespective of who is in office in Washington. Weapons supplied by Iran are finding their way into the hands of Shiite radicals in Iraq and even the Taliban in Washington. Policy makers in Washington would do well to introspect on why the viciously anti-Taliban Iranians who joined India and Russia in supporting the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan are making common cause with the Taliban today. Apart from Iraq, the maximum attention is now focused in Washington on Afghanistan and Pakistan. There is widespread acknowledgement in Washington that even as he swore undying loyalty to America’s “War on terror”, General Musharraf was assisting the Taliban to regroup and rearm itself on Pakistani soil. Despite this, it is an article of faith in Washington that General Musharraf remains America’s “best bet” in Pakistan. The entire focus of attention now is on seeing how the General can continue in office with Ms Benazir Bhutto, who is seen to be vulnerable on charges of corruption and money laundering, as a junior partner, providing a facade of political legitimacy. Whether this feat of “external political engineering” will succeed remains to be seen. But whether it is in Afghanistan, Pakistan or Iran, Saudi Arabia remains a powerful political ally of Washington. With India now moving into the election mode, there is naturally more interest on how to deal with the tantrums of the Central leaderships of the Left parties and deflecting attention from the messy handling of the Ram Setu affair than in international developments. But we should remember that the world will not stand still as New Delhi grapples with its internal
crises.
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Frenzy of Partition The
earthquake of Kangra in 1905 caused destruction and devastation, killing more than 15000 people and destroyed almost a lakh of houses, making many people homeless. During that time, our house was located at the centre of the village which fell like a house of cards, so said my late father. My grandfather, late Thakur Achla Singh, decided to settle outside the village about 300 metres away from the old house site. But this place was isolated from the village and the fear of thieves and wild animals always kept us worried. In 1947 our family consisted of my grandmother, parents, four brothers and two sisters. Two Muslim families lived 300 metres from our house. They were locally called “Teli” due to their profession of working on the oil grinding mill, driven by the oxen. One was Allah Ditta and other Baderudin. During the month of August, rumours of rapes, murders, looting and kidnapping of the young Hindu girls in West Punjab started pouring in, making the people suspect each other, who lived till the other day like a family. My father was Nambardar who remained busy in assisting the local police for detecting such persons likely to create trouble. One day both Muslim families came to our house, weeping and wailing like children. They pleaded for protection during the nights. My father permitted them to sleep on the upper floor of our cattle shed as they all preferred that place so that no one could suspect them. Meanwhile, my late uncle Suchet Singh pleaded with my father to shift to his house in the village during the nights for the security and safety of all members. So we used to have our dinner daily at 7 pm and go for the night to stay at uncle’s house, returning the next day at 6 am. This continued for 15 days without any fear from anyone. One day when we returned from uncle’s house, we found the lock of our gate broken. This created confusion among all of us. Suddenly the wailing voices of Muslim women was heard. The wailing women told us that during night they suspected some frenzied mob was coming in search of them. Their husband broke the lock and hid them here. They themselves had fled due to the fear of being killed. So my father allowed the women to stay at our house till the situation became safe for them. After some time they decided to migrate to Pakistan under the safe passage provided by the police. Many people wept on their departure. Mian Karam Singh (now 80 years old) wrote a passionate poem, bringing tears in everyone’s eyes. When I remember those heart-rending events of painful Partition I often ask myself, “Freedom For Whom”? The answer comes, it is for those who never suffered the pain of Partition. Let the wisdom prevail upon those who are sowing seeds of communal
tension.
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Lobbying for India on Capitol Hill With growing numbers, clout and self-confidence, the Indian American community is turning its admiration for the Israel lobby and its respect for high-achieving Jewish Americans into a powerful new force of its own. Following consciously in AIPAC’s footsteps, the India lobby is getting results in Washington – and having a profound impact on US policy, with important consequences for the future of Asia and the world. “This is huge,” enthused Ron Somers, the president of the US-India Business Council, from a posh hotel lobby in Philadelphia. “It’s the Berlin Wall coming down. It’s Nixon in China.” What has Somers so energised is a landmark nuclear cooperation deal between India and the United States, which would give India access to US nuclear technology and deliver fuel supplies to India’s civilian power plants in return for placing them under permanent international safeguards. Under the deal’s terms, the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty – for decades the cornerstone of efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons – will in effect be waived for India, just nine years after the Clinton administration slapped sanctions on New Delhi for its 1998 nuclear tests. But the Bush administration, eager to check the rise of China by tilting toward its massive neighbor, has sought to forge a new strategic alliance with India, cemented by the civil nuclear deal. On the US side, the pact awaits nothing more than one final up-or-down vote in Congress. (In India, the situation is far more complicated; India’s left-wing parties, sensitive to any whiff of imperialism, have accused Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of surrendering the country’s sovereignty – a broadside that may yet scuttle the deal.) On Capitol Hill, despite deep divisions over Iraq, immigration and the outsourcing of American jobs to India, Democrats and Republicans quickly fell into line on the nuclear deal, voting for it last December by overwhelming bipartisan majorities. Even lawmakers who had made nuclear nonproliferation a core issue over their long careers, such as Senator Richard Lugar, R-Ind., quickly came around to President Bush’s point of view. Why? The answer is that the India lobby is now officially a powerful presence on the Hill. The nuclear pact brought together an Indian government that is savvier than ever about playing the Washington game, an Indian American community that is just coming into its own and powerful business interests that see India as perhaps the single biggest money-making opportunity of the 21st century. The nuclear deal has been pushed aggressively by well-funded groups representing industry in both countries. At the center of the lobbying effort has been Robert Blackwill, a former US ambassador to India and deputy national security adviser who’s now with a well-connected Republican lobbying firm, Barbour, Griffith & Rogers LLC. The firm’s Web site touts Blackwill as a pillar of its “India Practice,” along with a more recent hire, Philip Zelikow, a former top adviser to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice who was also one of the architects of the Bush administration’s tilt toward India. The Confederation of Indian Industry paid Blackwill to lobby various US government entities, according to the Boston Globe. And India is also paying a major Beltway law firm, Venable LLP. The US-India Business Council has lavished big money on lobbyists, too. With India slated to spend perhaps $60 billion over the next few years to boost its military capabilities, major US corporations are hoping that the nuclear agreement will open the door to some extremely lucrative opportunities, including military contracts and deals to help build nuclear power plants. Bonner & Associates created an India lobbying group last year to make sure that US companies reap a major chunk of it. Dubbed the Indian American Security Leadership Council, the group was underwritten by Ramesh Kapur, a former trustee of the Democratic National Committee, and Krishna Srinivasa, who has been backing GOP causes since his 1984 stint as co-chair of Asian Americans for Reagan-Bush. The council has, oddly, “recruited groups representing thousands of American veterans” to urge Congress to pass the nuclear deal. The India lobby is also eager to use Indian Americans to put a human face – not to mention a voter’s face and a campaign contributor’s face – on its agenda. “Industry would make its business case,” Somers explained, “and Indian Americans would make the emotional case.” There are now some 2.2 million Americans of Indian origin – a number that’s growing rapidly. First-generation immigrants keenly recall the humiliating days when India was dismissed as an overpopulated, socialist haven of poverty and disease. They are thrilled by the new respect India is getting. Meanwhile, a second, American-born generation of Indian Americans who feel comfortable with activism and publicity is just beginning to hit its political stride. As a group, Indian Americans have higher levels of education and income than the national average, making them a natural for political mobilisation. One standout member of the first generation is Sanjay Puri, who founded the US India Political Action Committee (USINPAC) in 2002. He came to the US in 1985 to get an MBA, staying on to found an ITcompany. Puri grew tired of watching successful Indian Americans pony up money just to get their picture taken with a politician. “I thought, ‘What are we getting out of this?’ ”. In just five years, USINPAC has become the most visible face of Indian American lobbying. Its Web site boasts photos of its leaders with President Bush, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, and presidential candidates from Fred Thompson to Barack Obama. The group pointedly sports a New Hampshire branch. It can also take some credit for ending the Senate career of Virginia Republican George Allen, whose notorious taunt of “macaca” to a young Indian American outraged the community. Less publicly, USINPAC claims to have brought a lot of lawmakers around. “You haven’t heard a lot from Dan Burton lately, right?” Puri asked, referring to a Republican congressman from Indiana who has long been perceived as an India basher. USINPAC is capable of pouncing; witness the incident last June when Obama’s campaign issued a memo excoriating Hillary Rodham Clinton for her close ties to wealthy Indian Americans and her alleged support for outsourcing, listing the New York senator’s affiliation as “D-Punjab.” Puri personally protested in a widely circulated open letter, and Obama quickly issued an apology. “Did you see? That letter was addressed directly to Sanjay,” Varun Mehta, a senior at Boston University, told me with evident admiration. “That’s the kind of clout Sanjay has.” Like many politically engaged Indian Americans, Puri has a deep regard for the Israel lobby – particularly in a country where Jews make up just a small minority of the population. “A lot of Jewish people tell me maybe I was Jewish in my past life,” he joked. The respect runs both ways. The American Jewish Committee, for instance, recently sent letters to members of Congress supporting the US-India nuclear deal. “We model ourselves on the Jewish people in the US,” explained Mital Gandhi of USINPAC’s new offshoot, the US-India Business Alliance. “We’re not quite there yet. But we’re getting there.” The writer is the author of “Planet India: How the Fastest-Growing Democracy is Transforming America and the World.” By arrangement with
LA Times-Washington Post
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Record temperatures in Arctic heat wave Parts
of the Arctic have experienced an unprecedented heatwave this summer, with one research station in the Canadian High Arctic recording temperatures above 20°C, about 15°C higher than the long-term average. The high temperatures were accompanied by a dramatic melting of Arctic sea ice in September to the lowest levels ever recorded, a further indication of how sensitive this region of the world is to global warming. Scientists from Queen’s University in Ontario watched with amazement as their thermometers touched 22°C during their July field expedition at the High Arctic camp on Melville Island, usually one of the coldest places in North America. “This was exceptional for a place where the normal average temperatures are about 5°C. This year we frequently recorded daytime temperatures of between 10°C and 15°C and on some days it went as high as 22°C,” said Scott Lamoureux, a professor of geography at Queen’s. “Even temperatures of 15°C are higher than we’d expect and yet we recorded them for between 10 and 12 days during July. We won’t know the August and September recordings until next year when we go back there but it appears the region has continued to be warm through the summer.” The high temperatures on the island caused catastrophic mudslides as the permafrost on hillsides melted, Professor Lamoureux said. “The landscape was being torn to pieces, literally before our eyes.” Other parts of the Arctic also experienced higher-than-normal temperatures, which indicate that the wider polar region may have experienced its hottest summer on record, according to Walt Meir of the US National Snow and Ice Data Centre in Colorado. “It’s been warm, with temperatures about 3°C or 4°C above normal for June, July and August, particularly to the north of Siberia where the temperatures have reached between 4°C and 5°C above average,” Dr Meir said. Unusually clear skies over the Arctic this summer have caused temperatures to rise. More sunlight has exacerbated the loss of sea ice, which fell to a record low of 4.28 million square kilometres (1.65 million square miles), some 39 per cent below the long-term average for the period 1979 to 2000. Dr Meir said: “While the decline of the ice started out fairly slowly in spring and early summer, it accelerated rapidly in July. By mid-August, we had already shattered all previous records for ice extent.” An international team of scientists on board the Polar Stern, a research ship operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany, also felt the effects of an exceptionally warm Arctic summer. The scientists had anticipated that large areas of the Arctic would be covered by ice with a thickness of about two metres, but found that it had thinned to just one metre. “We are in the midst of a phase of dramatic change in the Arctic,” said Ursula Schauer, the chief scientist at the Alfred Wegener Institute, who was on board the Polar Stern expedition. “The ice cover of the North Polar Sea is dwindling, the ocean and the atmosphere are becoming steadily warmer, the ocean currents are changing,” she said. One scientist came back from the North Pole and reported that it was raining there, said David Carlson, the director of International Polar Year, the effort to highlight the climate issues of the Arctic and Antarctic. “It makes you wonder whether anyone has ever reported rain at the North Pole before.” Another team of scientists monitoring the movements of Ayles Ice Island off northern Canada reported that it had broken in two far earlier than expected, a further indication of warmer temperatures. And this summer an American sailing boat managed to traverse the North-west Passage from Nova Scotia to Alaska, a voyage usually made by icebreakers. Mark Serreze of the National Snow and Ice Data Centre, said: “We may see an ice-free Arctic Ocean in summer within our lifetimes. The implications ... are disturbing.” By arrangement with
The Independent
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Defence Notes The
first ever placement fair for IAF personnel who have retired or are about to retire from service was held here last week and it turned out to be a roaring success. More than 45 leading corporate houses like ICICI, Godrej, Wipro, Bajaj Capital, Tata Steel, HCL, Kalinga Commercial, Air India Express, Relcom, Pawan Kans, Ahmedabad Aviation and Aeronautics were present for the fair and over 20,000 resumes of the airmen were picked up. It is estimated that more than 1500 appointment letters could be issued to the participants within a month. Appreciating the effort, the Vice Chief of Air Staff Air Marshal BN Gokhale said: “Air warriors during their stay in the IAF achieve such versatility in job handling that it is time the corporate world does not stereotype them in security and administrative duties.” Every year about five to six thousand IAF personnel superannuate and an approximately equal number joins the IAF. Those who leave the IAF have at least about 15-20 years experience in Flying, Navigation, Air Traffic Controlling, aeronautical engineering, technology management and engineering work experience, education management, finance and logistics management, security, driving, catering etc. Mission to Congo No 6 Sikh Light Infantry has been nominated for the United Nations Security mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Raised on 01 Oct 1963, the battalion has been nominated on the basis of their outstanding performance in the 1965 and 1971 wars and thereafter in Counter-Insurgency operations in the North East and Jammu and Kashmir. This gallant battalion has been awarded the battle honour of Kalidhar, Theatre honour of J & K, COAS Unit citation, GOC-in-C appreciation and a long tally of Gallantry awards including Mahavir Chakra, Vir Chakra, Saurya Chakra and Sena Medal. Publicity war General Joginder Jaswant Singh demitted his office of Chief of Army Staff on September 30, a day after he took over the reins of the Delhi Gymkhana Club as its President. The post came after a bitter duel and a final compromise with Air Marshal Padamjit Singh Ahluwalia, who heads the Indian Air Force’s Western Air Command. General J.J. Singh would be the President of the Gymkhana for a year, after which Air Marshal Ahluwalia will take over. What stood out in the duel between two
top commanders of the Indian armed forces was the alleged liberal use of the official publicity machinery at the disposal of the then Army Chief. Victory on Mt Nun The Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry Regiment has conducted a successful mountaineering expedition to Mt Nun (23410 ft). The expedition was undertaken as part of numerous activities planned to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of the Regiment. The expedition, led by Col. Vinay Khosla, set a new record of maximum numbers summiting the peak. A total of three officers, two JCOs and 17 other ranks sumitted the peak over a period of three days. In this expedition five belonged to Srinagar, three to Kargil, five to Poonch, three to Doda while others were from Jammu region.
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