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Carrot and stick Defending the wrong man |
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A freebie for farmers
Hyphenated Americans
Humanity — revisited
Shiv
Sena hold weakens Skin cells converted to stem cells Delhi Durbar
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Carrot and stick Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s exhortation to Naxalites to shun the gun and join the mainstream should be cause for reflection not only among the Maoist formations but also political parties and the administration. This is not the first time that a political leader has given such a call while, at the same time, warning these armed outfits that their violence will be dealt with firmly. Yet, if Dr Manmohan Singh’s call sounds different it is because his credibility is higher than that of a run-of-the-mill politician and, secondly, his sincerity of intent is never in doubt. In the aftermath of the recent killing of an MLA and nine others in Andhra Pradesh, the state government has re-imposed the ban on Naxalites and resumed the crackdown on their supporters. For their part, the Naxalites have declared their return to “People’s War”. Amidst this escalating confrontation between the state administration and the Naxalites, the Prime Minister’s intervention — for it is that — sends out a clear signal: that the government will not tolerate violence, but this need not be the way if Naxalites take to the democratic path. The Maoists, who have many high-profile supporters speaking on their behalf, should heed the Prime Minister’s wiser counsel and not provide a basis for state action. Naxalites today are no more driven by just ideology or even the aim of liberating the poor. Their ranks have been swelled by adventurists, too, who resort to senseless violence as a way of political life; and such politics has no place in a democracy where forces that claim popular support have civil options to show that their politics is representative of larger aspirations. If the Naxalites persist on the violent course they have chosen, they risk not only being targeted by the state but also alienation from the people. Regardless of how and when the Naxalite makeover comes, the Prime Minister’s commitment to a humane government is a signal to political parties and administrations not to lose sight of the values and policies that should be adhered to. After what Dr Manmohan Singh has said, there would be greater public interest in how the authorities, especially in Andhra Pradesh, meet the Maoist challenge.
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Defending the wrong man Many years after the Babri mosque demolition, Mr L.K.Advani remembered that it was the “saddest day” in his life. No such luck in the case of the Gujarat riots. Not once has he said that it counted even among one of the bad days of his life, even if the riots took place when Mr Advani himself was the Home Minister of the country and Mr Narendra Modi the Chief Minister of Gujarat. The rest of the world holds Chief Minister Modi directly responsible for another blot on the face of Independent India. But Mr Advani has only good things to say about his man in Gandhinagar. The other day, on a visit to Gujarat, he praised Mr Modi to the sky, not exactly for the riots but for the good deeds that he had done for the state. Mr Advani rated him as the best Chief Minister in the country (why stop at that; why not the whole world, Mr Advani?). His pat on the back will perhaps goad Mr Modi to govern the state as good as he did during the riots. The merit certificate that he has issued may ingratiate Mr Advani to Mr Modi and also the Sangh Parivar, but that does not end his troubles in any way. Opposition against him is growing within the party. It is just that this hostility is manifesting itself in driblets, with Mr Madan Lal Khurana being the latest to find his voice and demand Mr Modi’s ouster. He has openly said that the party is being run by a coterie surrounding Mr Advani and has been promptly suspended for this “gross indiscipline”— may be for telling the truth. There is veiled criticism of Mr Advani in Mr Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s supposedly supportive statement on Jinnah as well. The former Prime Minister has said in “take-your-pick” remarks that in the beginning Mr Jinnah might have been secular but later he was also responsible for the Muslim League, the country’s partition and religious fanaticism. Implicit in this speech is the assessment that Mr Advani focussed only on an unrepresentative, small slice of Jinnah’s life, which ran counter to his overall role. In short, the BJP is seriously divided and in the throes of a tailspin. Unless major correctives are applied post-haste, the self-destruct procedure will start its countdown.
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A freebie for farmers The “energy bonus” announced by Capt Amarinder Singh on Saturday has not been greeted with the kind of enthusiasm the Punjab Chief Minister might have hoped for. Declared on Rajiv Gandhi’s birth anniversary with fanfare, it will help only select farmers. That may be the reason why no farmer organisation has welcomed it immediately. The bonus scheme is an improvement over Mr Parkash Singh Badal’s disastrous free-for-all political giveaway since it is confined to farmers with land-holdings of less than five acres. Secondly, it will not burden the already tight finances of the Punjab State Electricity Board, which was driven to near bankruptcy by the Badal plan. The eligible farmers will first pay the power bills and then claim reimbursement. Thirdly, the replacement of the expression “free power” with “energy bonus” may not anger the World Bank into stopping all aid to Punjab as it did before. Yet the procedure involved for claiming reimbursement is convoluted and open to misuse. Any farmer can adjust his land-holdings to become eligible, submit an affidavit and claim “energy bonus”. Red tape and corrupt babudom are known to play the spoilsport. If malpractices are checked and the procedure is fine-tuned, the number of actual beneficiaries will be small. Many marginal farmers do not have tubewells or power connections. Many others operate their tubewells on diesel. Punjab’s
water table being too low, farmers increasingly use tubewells of higher BHP than required to be eligible for energy bonus. This has also pushed the demand for power. Since the demand for power keeps rising, the Punjab Government appears helpless in augmenting generation; it makes do with ad-hoc power purchases. As Tribune surveys have shown, farmers are not averse to paying electricity bills provided regular supply of power is assured. Transmission losses, including power pilferage with official connivance, continue as usual. After assuming power, Capt Amarinder Singh rolled back Mr Badal’s free power scheme. Now he has come out with his own pre-poll freebie. It is a pity the power reforms seem to have been conveniently shelved.
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Morality is a private and costly luxury. — Henry Brooks Adams
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Hyphenated Americans
The phrase “Cablinasian” was coined by Tiger Woods, the US golf phenomenon, to describe his parentage — born as he was of an African-American father and a Thai mother.
Tracing his roots, he defined himself innovatively as a Cablinasian - that is, a mixture of Caucasian, black, Indian and Thai blood. Only in the US would such a prominent figure take pride in his composite parentage, rather than attempting to disguise it. Among all the countries of the world that have welcomed immigrants, the US stands out as the one where immigrants are most likely to succeed and the one where they are least likely to assimilate into an identity known as an American WASP — the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. Once, the Anglo-Protestant culture was, according to controversial social-scientist Samuel Huntington, central to the American national identity. No longer now. Today, while the US continues to be a “melting pot” of disparate communities, it is an ethnic crucible from which flows not one recognisably identifiable stream of new Americans but droplets of ethically different citizens. Before 1965, the average number of immigrants permitted into the US each year was about 300,000. The figure ballooned from 3.3 million during the 1960s, to 7 million during the 1970s and hit more than 9 million in the 1990s. Every border point and airport became an Ellis Island as immigrants poured in from Mexico, China, the Philippines and India, outstripping the previous sources of Italy, Germany, Canada and the UK. In 1970, non-Hispanic whites constituted 83 per cent of the majority of Americans. By 2040, it is predicted (and feared by WASPs like Huntington) that Spanish-speaking Hispanics alone will constitute up to 25 per cent of America’s population. Cities particularly in the southwest of America, and states such as Florida and California, have such a strong Hispanic presence that bilingualism is not simply a convenience, it is almost an imperative. “I very much hope,”! President Bill Clinton once said, “that I’m the last President in America who can’t speak Spanish.” The emergence of these hyphenated Americans — the Hispanic-, Asian-and African-Americans — has highlighted the essential difference between settlers who came to found a new society from immigrants who have simply moved from one country to another in such of a better life and a more acceptable passport, rather than to adopt a new ethnic identity. In a way, immigration into the UK from the Caribbean, the Indian subcontinent and the Far East is the revenge of its former colonies. Immigration into the United States — itself once a colony — is rapidly being seen as the revenge of the Third World on America. No one succeeds like a successful American, as the IT industry in the Silicon Valley has shown. It has thrown up more Indian dollar millionaires in the last decade than the Indian tax system has produced, albeit unwittingly, since 1947. One can succeed in America, regardless of ethnic origin, creed or colour. The colour of one’s skin is not a matter of pigmentation; it is a matter of perception. Washington society has come a long way since 1967 when Dean Rusk Secretary of State under President Lyndon B. Johnson, wanted to resign his post because his daughter planned to marry a black fellow-student at Stanford University. As a southerner working for a southerner President, he felt this would bring down immense criticism upon himself and his Texan President, even though Johnson reassured him otherwise. The Black community accepted its oppression with fortitude, and occasional good humour. African-Americans are rapidly moving both forwards and upwards, like American Jews did during the last century, into the higher, more affluent levels of American society. One has only to see the plethora of television sitcoms, magazines and beauty products targeting an Afro-American audience to know that they have arrived. Moving forward though has caused them also to cast backward glances, first with nostalgia and now with vengeance. In an unexpected historical parallel, the African-American community is asking for atonement for its own Black Holocaust at the hands of its white counterpart. The atrocities of the Klu Klux Klan are being revived in the current statute books. For example, a former Klansman, Edgar Ray Killen, who served as a Baptist preacher and during the day ran a saw-mill business and dressed up as a Klansman by night, was recently sentenced to 60 years in prison for complicity in the murder of three civil rights workers in 1964. Killen’s advanced age — he is now 80 years old — did not exempt him from such belated retribution, just as Adolf Eichmann’s attempt to escape and hide in South America could not protect him from the long arm of Zionist justice. The significance of America’s diversity for countries such as Pakistan lies in the policies this diversity foments. “Conflicts over what we should do abroad,” Huntington writes, “are rooted in who we are at home.” American foreign policy will gradually become the matrix of domestic cultural and ethnic imperatives. This should put into perspective the recent rapprochement between the US and India, occasioned by the visit of the Indian Prime Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh, last month. By honouring him, the US is acknowledging the magnetic attraction of over 850 million potential consumers. It is also responding to the pull of its domestic lodestone of resident, affluent and influential Indians who must be smirking at the last-minute cancellation of the Pakistani Prime Minister’s visit to Washington DC. There are many Pakistanis who regret privately the decision taken to cancel the visits of Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz to Washington DC and to its forgotten neighbour Canada. The official reasons given were specious; there are more than enough federal and provincial ministers to handle flood relief in Sindh. That his visit would never have been upgraded to the level of a state visit from an official visit was obvious even to the uninitiated. Dr Manmohan Singh had been invited by Mr Bush, and Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz had not. He had requested his visit. That there would have been an inevitable comparison between the decibel levels of the reception given to each by Mr Bush’s administration should equally have been expected. The truth — whether Pakistan accepts it or not — is that US foreign policy has undergone a sea-change, and that sea is now the Indian Ocean. Domestically, the cancellation of Mr Shaukat Aziz’s visit has shown that President Pervez Musharraf does not, in fact, need Article 58 (2) B of the Constitution to destabilise an incumbent Prime Minister. There are other ways of eroding credibility. Could President Musharraf, perhaps, have been conveying an unsubtle message that if any colleague wishes to visit the United States in future, he should do so, like every immigrant and green-card holder, at his own risk and
cost?
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Humanity — revisited
IT was mid-June. The sun was at its glorious best when I spotted a friend of mine loaded with shopping bags moving with great difficulty towards her car. The sight of her haggard face brought a moment of anxiety and I asked her what brought her to the market place in the scorching heat. Her simple answer was: “You must come to see me tomorrow.” Curious as I was, my thoughts began to travel all over and led to all kinds of guesses related to her shopping spree. Maybe a marriage in the family, departure abroad, gifts for some needy institutions, return gift for birthday party, etc. I attributed my failure to pinpoint the reason to my mindset that one does not require loaded shopping bags at 75 years of age. The next day when I reached near my destination I saw a crowd of people on my left, a long queue on the right, bottles of Rooh Afza and hundreds of packets of milk, a water tanker in the middle and at the back of all this was a makeshift cooking place where “puris” were being prepared. Surrounded by all this paraphernalia was my friend with a large vessel mixing sugar and water for cold drinks. Seeing me lost she called me aloud and said: “Welcome to the celebrations of Guru Arjan Devji’s Martyrdom Day.” This solved the mystery of loaded shopping bags! As I explored further I learnt that a small group of about 10 people working with a NGO had got together and contributed money for the celebration of the day. They were all there with their families. Old colleagues who had left the organisation were also there to participate. All work for hundreds of people which meant cooking and serving and washing of utensils was managed by them. It seems that each one was in competition to contribute his/her mite to see that whoever came to the site was served “langar” and cold drinks. This was service with a smile. It was to be seen to be believed: unending queues were served food. There was no stampede, no pulling and pushing. No breaking of queues. All-pervasive enthusiasm, humility, will to contribute and serve, igniting the message of brotherhood and community participation. There was no religion, no caste, no class, rich and poor, old and young, strong and weak, all sat together to have “langar”. This celebration arranged by a few people strengthened the bonds of friendship amongst the workers. It also provided an opportunity to know each others’ families and share experiences and problems which in today’s busy world is becoming impossible. I spent two hours there and thoroughly enjoyed seeing everybody at work. One thought which kept bugging me all the time was: “Will a day like this continue the next day or the day after? Will this courtesy being shown at this place to the poor, the rickshaw puller, the labourers from the neighbourhood be extended to other areas of critical concern?”
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Shiv Sena hold
weakens Long before the McDonalds and Pizza Huts touched base in India, the Shiv Sena in Mumbai came up with the idea of franchising its brand of terror and instant justice. Its supremo, Bal Thackeray, borrowed the concept of the “shakha” from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and turned the street corner meeting spots into focal points of Marathi angst. Running entirely on Thackeray’s vitriol, the shakhas spawned a counter-culture where the alienated Maharashtrian youth found an identity. Till the early 1980s, the “shakha pramukhs”, appointed by Thackeray himself, mostly acted as arbitrators in local disputes apart from rustling up a rioting mob whenever called upon to do so by the leader. Bal Thackeray began to aggressively monetise the Shiv Sena’s network of shakhas only in the 1980s when the party’s growth began to threaten its old promoters — the Congress. Having profitably lent his muscle to the Congress for decimating the Communists in Mumbai, Thackeray needed to find his own funds henceforth. The Sikh community in Mumbai was among the first to show Thackeray the benefits of communal profiling. While Sikhs and their establishments were burnt in northern India following the assassination of Indira Gandhi in October 1984, prominent businessmen of the community in Mumbai lined up before Thackeray to tie up cash for peace deals. Four years later as militancy hit a peak in Punjab, Thackeray raised the life insurance premia on the Sikhs by calling for a social and economic boycott on the community. The boycott call was quickly withdrawn, but not before huge sums of money were extorted from even the small roadside dhaba-owners along the highways. Tasting success with the Sikhs, Thackeray’s boys went on to map out clusters of mercantile communities like the Gujaratis, Sindhis, Marwaris and Bohri Muslims across Mumbai with the precision of today’s market researchers. After stoning a few symbolic shop windows, thugs from the Shiv Sena took to sending out pre-printed receipts smug in the knowledge that envelopes filled with the requisite cash would be waiting for them. Thackeray went on to perfect the art of turning the shakhas into independent profit centres under “shakha pramukhs” who combine business acumen with street fighting skills. With electoral power came opportunities to extend political patronage and the Shiv Sena shakhas grew in strength. Today Mumbai alone has nearly 250 shakhas. With the Shiv Sena in control of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation for nearly 20 years, citizens usually approach the nearest shakha for even petty civic works. The past two decades have seen shakha pramukhs emerge as businessmen in their own right controlling cable television networks, restaurants and bars across the state. The Shiv Sena’s five years in power in Maharashtra also allowed many of them move up the party hierarchy and emerge as major government contractors. The new-found prosperity, however, began to dull the risk-taking abilities of the Shiv Sena’s leaders. As Thackeray’s supplicant-turned-foe Narayan Rane showed last month, the newly designer-clad shakha pramukhs were the first to turn tail when the police set up on them for trying to break the rebels’ protest meet. Rather than take on the police in pitched battles, all of them returned home after the mandatory televised show of fealty for the Thackerays. The boys, grown men now, realise that the ageing Bal Thackeray has nothing more than his charisma and the fear inspired by the Shiv Sena brand of terror to offer by way of equity to his franchisees. No big idea has come from the Thackeray household and the best managers of the Shiv Sena are moving over to greener pastures. King Lear-like Bal Thackeray is now reduced to fulminating against the perfidy of his associates who sup with the traitors. Only 15 years ago, a corporator in the Thane Municipal Corporation was chopped up to little bits for the sin of voting against the party candidate in a mayoral election. Even the cantankerous side of Thackeray remained suppressed last week when several of his party MLAs openly accompanied supplicant-turned-sworn-foe Narayan Rane in his tour of Vidarbha. With yet another firefight breaking out on the domestic front, a visibly old and frail Thackeray was called upon to work out a truce between son and heir Uddhav and nephew Raj. The signs of strain on Thackeray’s face showed through as he leaned on the shoulders of the party’s Generation Next for support in the subsequent photo-event. The charismatic CEO that he is, Thackeray is at a loss to find his son and heir Uddhav not matching in popularity. And filial affection does not permit Thackeray to hand over the baton to nephew Raj despite his higher ratings among the Shiv Sena cadres. Having learnt his lessons well, Raj Thackeray cannot wait for the
ancient regime to pass before carving up his share in the family firm. Raj retained his haughty demeanor through the photo-op. He was only hoping that things would improve for him within the Shiv Sena, he told television channels right after the stage-managed bonhomie. Unsaid was the threat that he could cash in on the goodwill of the cadres he had earned as the party’s storm trooper under the elder Thackeray’s tutelage. Suddenly it appears that a disintegrating Shiv Sena could help unlock the hidden political values of its leaders. Narayan Rane, who broke away to join the Congress party just last month, is suddenly being pitched as an alternative to Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh. With scores of MLAs and MPs of the Shiv Sena openly rooting for him, Rane is already making plans to take over the Congress party. Upstaged by the Congress which acquired Rane from under his nose, Nationalist Congress Party chief Sharad Pawar is on the prowl for a bigger merger to make up lost ground. And who else would fit the bill better than a charismatic Raj, a spitting image of the elder Thackeray, suddenly wronged by none other than his own uncle, who had virtually adopted him as a boy. |
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Skin cells converted to stem cells Scientists for the first time have turned ordinary skin cells into what appear to be embryonic stem cells —without having to use human eggs or make new human embryos in the process, as has always been required in the past, a Harvard research team announced on Sunday. The technique uses laboratory grown human embryonic stem cells — such as the ones that President Bush has already approved for use by federally funded researchers — to “reprogram’’ the genes in a person’s skin cell, turning that skin cell into an embryonic stem cell itself. The approach, which is to be published later this week in the journal Science but was made public on the journal’s Web site, is still in an early stage of development. But if further studies confirm its usefulness, it could offer an end run around the heated social and religious debate that has for years overshadowed the field of human embryonic stem cell research. Since the new stem cells in this technique are essentially rejuvenated versions of a person’s own skin cells, the DNA in those new stem cells matches the DNA of the person who provided the skin cells. In theory at least, that means that any tissues grown from those newly minted stem cells could be transplanted into the person to treat a disease without much risk that they would be rejected, because they would constitute an exact genetic match. Until now, the only way to turn a person’s ordinary cell into a “personalized’’ stem cell such as this was to turn that ordinary cell into an embryo first and later destroy the embryo to retrieve the new stem cells growing inside — a process widely known as “therapeutic cloning.’’ That prospect, like others in the promising arena of human embryonic stem cell research, has stirred strong emotions among those who believe that days-old human embryos should not be intentionally destroyed. Embryonic stem cells are capable of becoming virtually any kind of cell or tissue and are being intensely studied around the world as the core of a newly emerging field of regenerative medicine, in which researchers hope to grow new tissues to revitalize ailing organs. Although human embryonic stem cells have never been tested in humans, some researchers expect human clinical trials to begin within a year or so. Researchers caution, however, that like many other nascent therapies that initially seemed promising, stem cells might never live up to their promise. If some lingering, and potentially daunting, uncertainties can be dealt with successfully, the new technique “may circumvent some of the logistical and societal concerns’’ that have hampered much of the research in this country, Chad A. Cowan, Kevin Eggan and colleagues from the Harvard Stem Cell Institute report in the Science article. More immediately, the new work could have an impact on Capitol Hill, where the Senate is poised to vote on legislation —already passed by the House — that would loosen Bush’s restrictions on human embryonic research. Earlier this month, Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, R-Tenn., surprised many of his colleagues by announcing he would break with the president and support the Senate bill, which Bush has promised to veto. — LA Times-Washington Post |
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Delhi Durbar After nearly three decades a Prime Minister is visiting Kabul on August 28. Indira Gandhi was the last Head of Government to visit Afghanistan way back in 1976.
Dr Manmohan Singh’s whistle-stop tour will provide enhanced assistance to Afghanistan encompassing infrastructure development and assistance to the Afghan army. The talks with Afghan President Hamid Karzai are expected to focus on creating a national police force with Indian help as well as a training programme for the Afghan army. The Prime Minister’s upcoming trip is considered historic because despite security concerns, Dr Manmohan Singh has expressed his determination to go ahead.
DPS used as a political tool Salman Khurshid, Chairman of the Delhi Public School Society, has been liberally doling out his school’s franchise to Congressmen to strengthen his hold over the party machinery. Recently, he obliged two MPs who are the provincial returning officer and assistant provincial returning officer for the coming organisational poll of the Congress in Uttar Pradesh. Khurshid had tried the same tool to get the post of UPCC chief. He had given DPS franchise to a lady MP who is said to be close to Sonia Gandhi.
Slip of the tongue Chandigarh MP Pawan Bansal faced embarrassment the other day when he was passionately defending the government’s Action Taken Report on the Nanavati Commission recommendations. Deeply engrossed in his argument, Bansal mentioned the “assassination of Sonia Gandhi”. This immediately caught the attention of his Congress colleagues who pointed out the mistake. The Congress president, who was also present in the Lok Sabha, had a hearty laugh at the slip of the tongue. However, Bansal apologised for the faux pas.
MPs sub-let houses While several MPs are waiting for the allotment of accommodation more than a year after their election to Parliament, a number of those who have been successful in securing such allotment have sub-let their houses. This poses a security threat as well as violates the rules. In a move to tackle the problem, the Lok Sabha Secretary General in a bulletin has warned the MPs that the allotment of all motor garages, servant quarters and barsatis, which are being used for unauthorised purposes, is liable to be cancelled and the vacated units allocated to wait-listed MPs. —
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May 17, 1902 A grievous wrong Mr M.K. Gandhi, the well-known Indian patriot of South Africa, has written from Rajkote a letter to the “Times of India” protesting against the proposed legislation in Natal to impose on the children of indentured Indians in the Colony the same disabilities as the parents themselves labour under. The legislation proposed is certainly of a most objectionable character. At present every Indian resident in the Colony has to pay a sum of £ 3 per annum for a pass or licence without which he cannot live in the Colony. It is now proposed to extend this poll-tax, for this fee for a licence is nothing short of it, to the children of the Indians. In the case of an Indian having six children, which is by no means an exceptional case, this would mean a tax of £ 24 per annum on the family. Mr Gandhi has entered his very strong protest against this contemplated legislation, and every Indian agrees with what he ways. There are European colonists in Natal who are anxious to drive every Indian out of the Colony, and it appears that these people are having things wholly their own way just at present…. With the Indian settlers in Natal and other South African Colonies it is a life and death struggle. As Mr Gandhi says, his cause is an absolutely just one. He hopes that Lord Curzon will exert his powerful influence with the Government in England to see that no injustice is done to the Indian settlers. He hopes also that the Colonial Secretary will befriend the Indians. |
Anyone who does kill through enmity and oppression we will expose to fire and that is easy to God. — Book of quotations on Islam He who is called Brahman by the gyanis is known as Atman by the yogis and as Bhagwan by the bhaktas. — Ramakrishna Let none deceive another; Or despite any being in any state. Let none through anger or ill-will wish harm upon another. — The Buddha If you do your work to the best of your ability and with complete dedication; know then that you are doing his work. To worship work is to worship God. This is — Book of quotations on Hinduism Those who give too much attention to trifling things, become generally incapable of great ones: — Book of quotations on
success Religion is the fear and love of God; its demonstration is good work; and faith is the root of both, for without faith we cannot please God; nor can we fear and love what we do no believe. — Book of quotations on
religion
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