What’s PLAY
ING?
Theatre - progressive, socially responsible, transitional, experimental and larger than life - catered to only a select few till not so long ago. But now, it has reached the masses, who are more than interested in watching it in any form. However, language is a consideration, especially English. And English theatre productions from the city are indeed few and far between, despite we boasting of an educated and elite theatre audience! We wonder why? “There is no specific reason for it, except that it just doesn’t happen here. English is as much a vernacular language here, but there have been periodic productions with local artistes. Though I would agree that it could not sustain as the inside support is low,” feels Neelam Man Singh Chaudhry, eminent theatre personality from the city. What matters in theatre, she believes, is good production, not the language. “It depends on the choices you make, creatively as well as a professional. When I started doing Punjabi theatre, it was considered backward. Yet I continued, as I was comfortable in my own language. Similarly, English theatre too will gradually find its moorings.”
Now this, might well run down the reputation of the theatre fraternity in Chandigarh, which believes it is quite receptive of English plays! Indeed, the response to English plays coming to the city from outside has been heartening. Whether serious or commercial, the last decade has seen celebrated plays like The Perfect Wife, Brief Candle and Dance Like a Man and others get a good response. The most recent English play that created a buzz here was Lilette Dubey’s Love on the Brink. Alyque Padamsee’s Broken Images, staged at the Chandigarh Theatre Festival, saw a full house; Anurag Kashyap’s The Skeleton Woman was well received as well. “That was because of the big names like Shabana Azmi, Kalki Koechlin and others. Chandigarh is a pseudo cultural society and people go to watch English productions because they want to ‘be seen’ at a Lillette Dubey play or Shabana Azmi play. Theatre has always lacked commitment from the audience and to some extent from theatre professionals as well,” says Rana Nayar, Chairperson, Department of English, PU. “There was a time when English theatre had a strong presence in the city with groups like Abhinet being popular. But due to some reasons, they gave up. From the past few years, the city has acquired a sense of theatre culture and so people from outside bring in English plays from cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Chennai to show what we should be doing,” he adds. Albeit city-based English theatre groups have made amateur attempts, there still exists a big gap. “The reason we have an audience for English plays is that people now are more aware and appreciate it. Over the past 18 years, we have grown in theatre education, and English adaptations are being attempted at school and college level,” says Atul Khanna, director, Durga Dass Foundation. Atul, who has been associated with English theatre for long now, believes in encouraging young talent. “There was a group of students from Thapar University, Patiala, who approached us with their production. They were quite professional and I am sure more such talent should be brought to the fore.” Mita Vashist, actor and theatre personality from the city, doesn’t mind the lack of English theatre productions from here. “What’s the big deal? Most of the English plays that the city has seen have been done by celebrated names. But for an unknown or amateur theatre group, the response will be different. We should stop associating English theatre with a progressive society, as a lot of experiments are being done in traditional, folk plays. Great theatre is not about language but internal cultural space, otherwise it tends to become pretentious. It has to be exciting for the viewer,” she says. Having started her career in theatre with Kanchghar, a play based on Tennessee William’s Glass Menagerie, Mita has seen the city theatre scene grow. “Whether traditional or ethnic theatre, or commercial or English theatre, both the tags have problems. The former lacks in experimentation and the latter in transition.” Another aspect to the progression of English theatre in metros and not in smaller cities is the commercial nature of most of the plays. “We have sponsored plays with celebrities catering only to a specific audience. Most of them have little to do with theatre but are ‘appropriated’ by the corporates,” feels Rana. Agrees Neelam, “Abroad, these plays cater only to the star-struck NRI audience, which is just interested in watching the actors, not the play. A good play should not be restricted to language alone, there has to be room for everything.” nehawalia@tribunemail.com |
In high SPIRITS
Statutory warning: This is subject to your discretion. If you believe in it, accept it and if you don’t, move on!
Spirits, the word evokes a number of vague images (people with twisted feet and rotated hands, made popular through stories) and a number of weird incidents that you must have heard, at least once. Then flood in ‘the’ often-asked questions, laced in skepticism. Are spirits for real? Has anyone seen them? What do they look like? The answers for which vary as per place and age group. The debate continues…in the middle of it walks in a lady, who is told to be have an access to the key. She opens the door, sits on the wooden chair placed in the middle of a dark room. Yes, bring it on, all the queries! This lady, Swati Prakash, a spiritual healer was in the city to talk about the new show on UTV Bindass, The Chair. Those of you, who have seen the horror reality show, must be talking or let’s say debating about its credibility and those who haven’t, this is what it is all about. The Chair is a horror reality show where subconscious mind connects with the paranormal. On this show, 13 contestants, including believers and non-believers and skeptics, dare to visit 13 haunted locations across India and connect to the supernatural. Post visiting the haunted places, alone with a torchlight at twilight, the participants would be made to sit in a chair where Swati transports them to the subconscious level and connects them to the dead! Connect with the dead, any logical explanation to this? “If we have to begin, it has to be without any preconceived notions,” smiles Swati. “About The Chair, it definitely, definitely does not encourage superstition. This is a challenge for youngsters who want to fight their fears. We want them to come with an open mind and experience it for themselves.” It’s the experience that’s in the dock. Spirits and a chit-o-chat with then, c’mon give us a breather! Swati, the spiritual healer who has done an extensive study on spirituality, intuitions and astrology likes to put in as a matter of choice. “I don’t like being superstitious. I often tell people to shrug all preconceived notions and observe things with an open mind. In my due course of being a spiritual healer, I have seen many confirmations on the existence of spirits.” Back to The Chair. It is when seated on ‘the chair’ that contenders have encounters with spirits and Swati helps the spirits convey their message, and finally heal them! A scientifically backed area of the brain refuses to be taken it by this. Swati isn’t giving up either. “All of us have a sixth sense, but it gets blocked if we don’t use it. And if we are encouraged to use our sixth sense, the way I was by my parents, we can all differentiate between positive and negative energy, and bring about healing.” All this wisdom doesn’t come through books, mind you, Swati suggests, consult an expert or read some books, and then practice it. This will help you interact with the spirits! jasmine@tribunemail.com |
Marble marvel
Art and its manifestations never fail to impress, whether it’s a canvass with a Vibgyor painted on it or a stone that is carved out to perfection. K Gopalakrishnan creates art from the latter. The artist from Chennai is in the city for a 15-day workshop at Kalagram and working on his second contribution to the sculpture park there. “I had earlier done a sculpture in 2005 for the Kalagram sculpture park. The current one is called Sexual Terrorism and symbolises the social abuse females suffer in our country,” he says. Social causes have always been art’s sidekick and so Gopalakrishnan’s sculpture too develops on the idea. A feminine figure surrounded by snakes. “Snakes symbolise the society that binds women and suppress them mentally, emotionally and physically,” explains Gopalakrishnan. Inspired by Michelangelo and western influences in work, his earlier creations include his version of David in Kalindi. “Traditional sculpture art in India is heavily inspired by religion. In South, temples are the perfect examples of Indian art, but in North the emphasis is on painting and other art forms rather than sculptures,” he believes. “Traditional art is based on imagination and western art depicts a realistic view,” he adds. Mostly using black or red granite for his sculptures, he is making Sexual Terrorism in white marble. “Marble is easily available here and widely used in this part.” nehawalia@tribunemail.com |
3D punch
Technology meant for the visual medium has a single point agenda - entertainment. So, when FICCI in its report says that animation industry is growing 10 times annually, the signals are clear - people are indeed getting entertained! Even when India's first animation film with original characters, 'Roadside Romeo', is declared a flop, it manages to gross a decent box office collection. And you still need proof of the Indian animation industry inching close to that of the West? Hear it from the people who have seen the animation industry grow and who are waiting for it to zip past the competition. Special effect
'Dabaang' primarily has two claims to fame. One is, of course, Salman Khan, and two is his Rajnikant style of fighting while sporting a Ray Ban. For acting, all credit goes to the actor but for the latter, contribution came from somewhere else. Aijaz Rashid, business head-commercial, Pixion, recalls as we talk of the movie, how he used to hold brainstorming sessions with his team, "There was always a time-bomb ticking as we had to finish on schedule. Another requirement, as with any creative work, was being original and different." Colour correction (a technique that renders a brighter look to the colours) and a few visual effects, in fighting sequences, have been done by Aijaz and his team. The list of other Bollywood projects, his firm, Pixion, has added special effects too is long - 'Once Upon A Time In Mumbai, Rajneeti, Dev D, Don. And it's not just in films that you see these effects, advertisements entertain us with their help as well. "We made the Happy Dent chewing gum ad with just four elephants, which are shown as 25. The popular social advertisement, Bell Bajao, which addressed the issue of domestic violence was also a product of his company. "It won a Cannes award last year," adds Aijaz, who is in the city with others to conduct a seminar on animation and stop motion, organised by the National School of Media. He feels doing special effects for films is more challenging than for ads, "People watch ads only on TV but films on the big screens, which have a higher resolution. Special effects remain special only till the time they are not visible to the naked eye. We have to be very particular in case of films, for we don't want people to say that a certain accident in the film looked
computerised." Outsourcing animation products is another way of making the world realise the potential of animators and visual artists. "The day animation firms in India will start getting projects for their skill and expertise rather than cheaper cost, the Indian animation industry will have proven itself." And the time we will take? "It can happen any time now." Eagerly awaiting that! Reality byte
Now if Aijaz made us see the optimistic side of Indian animation industry, Virender Singh Rathore of The Animation Garage prefers to draw our attention to reality. His first complaint is, "We have technology but there're hardly any fresh ideas to make practical use of technology." With this, he refers to the same old mythological stories for animation movies and the dire need for scriptwriters. "How many original characters have been written or made by the animation companies? Nobody wants to take a risk by introducing new animation characters and till the time there is no risk, there can't be any gain." His second complaint: "No animation company is headed by an animator. It's almost like asking a general manager of a bank to direct a Hindi film." All is not negative though; he feels animation has a larger audience now. "It's not just for kids, but for adults as well, who also love colours and cartoons." We all do that. Don't we? Future take
Ashutosh Jaykar begins the conversation from where Virender ends, "Everybody is in love with cartoons. The number of cartoons telecast on channels, plus the increasing number of animated films that are released every year are possible only if there are enough takers." Working as the 3D animator with Crest, an animation company, he feels proud to share information about India's first big animation venture. "The film, Alpha and Omega, will release in 2000 screens across India, US and Europe. It will definitely cater to the audience worldwide." He says that the real big technological advancement is yet to happen. "I am eagerly awaiting the moment when 3D images will be seen without goggles." That's coming from a 3D animator's mind! ashima@tribunemail.com |
Birthday gift
A crusader against social injustice, Gursharan Singh has been an inspiration for budding artistes. Holding a master's degree in technical chemistry, he remained a research officer till he revolted against the imposition of emergency in 1977, not only sacrificing his lucrative job but serving his time in jail twice. This finally led him to adopt theatre as a tool for social change. As a salutation to his unique contribution to Punjabi theatre, the Punjab Sangeet Natak Akademi and Suchetak Rangmanch Mohali are organising the 7th Gursharan Singh Nat Utsav starting from September 16, the birthday of the thespian. The fest will open with the staging of Punjabi play 'Baba Bantu' scripted by eminent playwright Charan Dass Sidhu of Delhi. The play will be directed by Manchpreet of Rangkarmi Manch, Amritsar. September 17 will see Balwant Gargi's classic play 'Loha Kut' produced by the TFT Chandigarh under the direction of Sudesh Sharma. September 18 will be dedicated to Gursharan Singh's own style of street theatre. His plays 'Santaap' and 'Inqlab Zindabad' will mark the finale of this festival, where the admirers and disciples of Gursharan Singh will be joining from all over Punjab. "Gursharan Singh has created a unique movement in Punjab, making people aware of their rights and fight for justice through his plays. His commitment to bring a positive change in society has inspired a whole generation of theatre practitioners," says Prof K K Tiwana, secretary Punjab Sangeet Natak Akademi. The artiste couple, Anita and Shabdeesh, who is the brain behind the festival, feels Gursharan Singh has done single handed what no other institute or the government could do for Punjabi theatre. |
On the World Ozone Day, about 100 students from Dikshant International School participated in a rally on skates at Sukhna Lake to increase the awareness on environmental changes amongst the city people. The children displayed placards containing messages such as - 'Say no to plastics', 'Plant more trees to save our ozone layer', 'Say no to products which contain CFC' and many others. The students also distributed pamphlets focusing upon the human activities that are affecting the ozone layer over the past 20 years and also information about the products that cause the ozone layer depletion and the alternatives to all such products. Says Mitul Dikshit, director of the school, "The rally on skates is an initiative by the school to make the children of the school realise about the importance of the preservation of the fast-depleting ozone layer as well as to create awareness amongst the people about the fast-depleting ozone layer and making them aware of the alternative products that can be used to protect the ozone layer." — TNS |
Renee Writes I have been dating this wonderful girl for five years. All has been well so far. Now that my girlfriend, who is an engineer, has been transferred to Delhi, I am in a mess. Although, we are in touch over the phone everyday and she re-assures me of her love I keep dreading that she is seeing somebody else over there. Each time I suggest she comes over, she has an excuse. She is an extremely attractive, smart and vivacious woman. I am plagued with jealousy, what should I do? Sumant Bhardwaj, Chandigarh Don’t be such a loser. You can’t give up just because you are in separate cities. If you were sure about your relationship for five years, what happened now? The best thing for you to do is to be open about your feelings with her. Tell her about the agony you are going through. She might be going through the same emotions herself and is looking for some sort of re-assurance from you. Take it from me — catch the next Shatabdi to Delhi and pour your heart out to this damsel. Believe me you will not regret it. Give it a chance
I am 23-year-old and looking for a job. I am in love with this 27-year-old girl and want to marry her. I do not have the courage to talk about my feelings as I do not know how she will react. But I do know that she reciprocates my feelings to some extent. Actually we are neighbours and have grown up together as friends. But the fact that she is four years elder to me is perhaps the reason for hesitation on her part. Do you think I should make the first move? What if she rejects me? Anshu Bhadwar,
Ambala I appreciate your courage. It is interesting to note a way of thinking which is positive, modern and open. If two people like each other then who ever is younger or older should not really be a criteria. I think you should go up to her and lay the cards on the table. Maybe she is also hesitating over the age issue to disclose her inner feelings. Well, you will only get to know if you ask her so just go ahead. What is the worst-case scenario? She’ll gently turn you down after all she is your childhood friend. If you are genuinely fond of her I’m sure she returns your
affections. It’s your life
I am a 26 and in love with this guy across the border. I do not feel there is any difference in our cultures or our way of thinking. I met him on one of my trips to Pakistan and somehow our friendship developed to something special. We would love to get married but I am not sure how either of our families would react to this. We both love theatre and Urdu poetry. But when I bring up the subject of inter-caste marriage, my parents get very disturbed. I feel religion has no place in true love. How can I convince people around me? Neha Virmani,
Gurgaon You do not need to convince anyone but yourself. Things always fall into place if we allow them to do so. We must give life a chance. Also, we must just learn to trust our instincts. The fact that you are two people with similar interests and similar backgrounds culturally does make things easier. Allow your family to meet him as a friend. I’m sure he can come over sometime. I’m sure with his ‘tehzeeb’ and culture he should be able to win over their hearts. Moreover, it is your life. If you are convinced that all is well, then, public opinion is never important. But you must take you parents into confidence. Do not hurt them unnecessarily. |
Relatively
Speaking Reality shows are a huge hit these days. However, these shows are affecting the way we view reality. Many of us begin to empathise with the participants and wish to be like them. But reality shows exhibit behaviour that is tailored to engage viewers. In reality, these models of behaviour are not what we want to emulate. A major drawback is that reality shows tend to promote a societal desire to be vociferous, and devalue privacy. Consequently, they seem to hit at our basic cultural roots. Television channels and sponsors control the life of participants, and naïve youngsters feel that this is what “freedom” is all about. But this has negative impact family ties. Those of us obsessed to see “reality” only through these shows might set unrealistic expectations from others in interpersonal relationships. This could lead to increasing turmoil and stress in personal lives. Therefore, I would suggest one should watch the show, forget rather than analyze and not even dare to emulate! Saravjot, Chandigarh Viewers’ take Reality shows have always been criticised, but do you think that these are giving us enough room to learn something or preparing us better to face the world? Shows like Roadies, Fear Factor or Emotional Atyachaar give us a full-on treat, but do you think watching others do death-defying stunts or real life break-ups on TV give us some amount of motivation? The success of reality TV is rather due to the sheer contempt that the audience has for it. Would those Big Brother contestants act the same if there were no cameras? I strongly doubt it. And what kind of motivation these shows provide depends upon the viewers completely. It is like watching your girlfriend with another guy and then making baseless assumptions without thinking about the kind of relationship she is having with that guy! But it all depends on how do viewers take it! Abha Gupta,
Chandigarh. Positive role
Reality shows play a positive role insofar as forging relationships in actual life are concerned. In fact, these shows leave quite an indelible impact and help in strengthening dwindling relationships. The inherent malaise of envy, malice, greed, anger and snobbery, sometimes seen in these shows, make us more aware and help in making us better human beings. In a nutshell, reality shows change things for the better. Gurmit Singh
Saini, Mohali Please e-mail the responses in around 200 words to lifestyletribune@gmail.com or post along with your photo and contact number to ‘Relatively Speaking’, Lifestyle, The Tribune, Sector 29, Chandigarh. The best few responses will be published. |
Zodhita Health Solutions Pvt. Ltd, the Indian operations of Zodhita Inc. USA, announced the introduction of its ZUSKA range of personal care products in India. The range will consist of deodorant plus antiperspirant sprays, sticks, foot sprays, as well as deodorant soaps. "Zuska has been developed based on years of R&D led by a core team of scientists from across the world. The range makes its first-time debut in India, and would be subsequently launched worldwide," informed Shankar Shinde, country manager of Zodhita Health Solutions. "We aim to capture 5 per cent of the market share of the estimated Rs 700 crore spray market, whereas the stick market is a new category and Zodhita will be the first entrant in this category in India. We estimate the market size to grow into a Rs 100 crore size over 1-2 years, and aim to capture 80 per cent of the market share," said Shinde. "As for foot spray, it's a new category in the country and we have to develop the market for our foot spray product. However, the Deo soap should be a Rs 50 crores brand in the next 2-3 years," added Shinde. Zodhita's launch in Indian market sets the stage for the international launch. With some of its products having been already placed in the US, the company will be launching in other SAARC markets in the next six months. — TNS |
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Calvin Klein Jeans introduces Fall 2010 for men and women. The collection has improved design engineered to enhance aesthetics in a sultry way. The new ultra skinny and narrow leg denims for men and women have been designed for a lean, slim silhouette. The collection offers a variety of fits and washes in the X-denim range with an addition and introduction of Jeggings and denim dresses. The collection in shirts this fall is wider than before, with a wide range of checks and stripes. The solid stretch poplin shirts and denim shirts make a strong comeback which are going also featured in the campaign. Piquet polo has been introduced with styles and colours like never before. Tees for men see a deep variance from logo to graphics to shaded tees in basic as well as highlight colours. The price is Rs 5,999 onwards and available at all CK store. — TNS |
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Former beauty queen and actor Gul Panag is on the jury of the Kazan International Muslim Film Festival to be held in Russia."Off to Russia to be on the jury of the Kazan International Film Festival. Looking forward," Gul confirmed on her Twitter page.The sixth edition of the film fest is being held Sep 15-19.American actor Adrien Brody, Egypt film star Elham Shakhin, and Iranian film director Shakhriyar Bakhrani will be among the other guests at the event. — IANS |
Slumdog Millionaire' star Freida Pinto is set to star opposite Spanish actor Antonio Banderas in a Hollywood period film. The film, titled Black Thirst, is directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud.It is the story of how America, in pursuit of oil, started targeting the Gulf as early as 1920. Pinto plays the role of an Arabian princess and is paired opposite Rahim, but she has a lot many scenes with Banderas.The film is based on Hans R Ruesch's globally acclaimed work South of the Heart: A Novel of Modern Arabia published in 1957.The film is Pinto's sixth straight international film after Rise of the Apes, Immortals, Miral, You Will Meet a Tall, Dark Stranger and Slumdog Millionaire. — ANI |
She is a dedicated mother and an avowed humanitarian now but Hollywood superstar Angelina Jolie had a "crazy" past and she says that her tattoos are reminders of her hell-raising days.The Academy winning actor who has a large collection of body art says that she did not plan most of her inkings. "I was in Amsterdam and got a little crazy, dropping my pants at a tattoo parlour and woke up the next morning and saw this really funny dragon. I've always wanted a dragon but this one had a funny blue tongue. To me a dragon is very much a woman, strong and elegant," said the 35-year-old, who now raises six children with partner Brad Pitt.But the actor says that she does not regret getting any of her tattoos."I love them. They're body art. I don't think it's abnormal that someone who spends their life in other skins wants to claim their own by marking things on it that matter to them," said the actor. — PTI |
Ace Hollywood filmmaker Woody Allen has refuted reports he cut scenes featuring French first lady Carla Bruni from his upcoming film, insisting he's delighted with her work. The former model and singer joined Owen Wilson on the set of Midnight in Paris to film scenes as a tour guide back in July, but reports surfaced earlier this month claiming Allen was unhappy with Bruni's work and decided not to include her in the final edit. But the 74-year-old filmmaker has dismissed the rumours, telling reporters everything the beauty filmed has made the movie. "This is a hundred per cent untrue. She's in the picture. Everything she shot is in the picture. I love her. She's great. It's not a big part, but it's a respectable part. Everything was totally made up," he said. He also cleared up reports Bruni was difficult to work with. "She was no problem at all. I was delighted with her," he said. — IANS |
The usually slim and trim Shruti Haasan says she needs to regularise her workout regimen to get back into shape. "Going to work out starting today! I have been a very bad girl and not worked out properly in two months!!! Got to get back in some kind of shape!" she tweeted. The 24-year-old, daughter of veteran actors Kamal Haasan and Sarika, made her Bollywood debut opposite Imran Khan in Luck. — IANS |
They may be big names in the Bollywood music industry, but music director duo Vishal-Shekhar did not shy away from asking music maestro for his autograph.They met Rahman on the sets of Zee TV's Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Singing Superstar -- the music maestro came with actor John Abraham to promote their upcoming project Jhootha Hi Sahi. Vishal was especially enthusiastic about his first meeting with the Oscar winner and urged Rahman for an autograph, said a source from the sets. On meeting Rahman, Vishal said: "Each decade in the Indian music industry has an identity - the melodious 60s, the swinging 70s, disco of the 80s and the 90s was a one man show — AR Rahman who pioneered a distinct phase in Indian film music combining western influences with Indian sounds, ranging from classical instruments to folk music." Vishal even asked Rahman to sing the latter's version of Vande Mataram. But Rahman couldn't fulfil his wish."I will not be able to do justice to our national song today because it needs to be sung in a high pitch, and it will be difficult for me to summon that amount of energy on an empty stomach. It's the holy month of Ramzaan and I am fasting," Rahman said on the day of the shoot. The special episode of the music reality show will be on air Friday. — TNS |
Teen star Miley Cyrus landed in trouble with the law as police caught her talking on her cell phone while driving.The Hannah Montana star was heading to a beauty salon in Hollywood on Monday when she was asked to pulled over for using her phone while she was still behind the wheel. The cops gave the 17-year-old actor a stern warning about her dangerous chat.Earlier, in the day she was spotted kissing her ex-boyfriend Liam Hemsworth in the Mercedes Benz SUV, sparking speculation they have reunited following their split last month. — PTI |
Hollywood actor Kristen Stewart hated school because she was bullied over her acting career. Stewart, who landed her first acting role in television movie The Thirteenth Year when she was nine years old, hated the way she was teased by her peers over her early roles, in particular when she played a tomboy in The Safety of Objects. "I didn't walk around talking about doing movies, but then someone saw an old movie I was in, The Safety of Objects, and realised that the little boy in it had grown up into this girl - me. And then I got a lot of, she's such a b***h," she said "And yet, most of these kids had never even spoken to me," she said. The 20-year-old actor quit school when she was 13 and admits she was happy to leave the education system behind because she didn't relate to her classmates. "I was glad to leave school. I was missing a lot of classes and they were failing me." "I couldn't relate to kids my own age. They are mean and don't give you any chance. Once you have done with school, you realise that it is just a smaller version of life, and really I have felt that I should have been an adult since I was aged about five," she said. — IANS |
Men are men. When it comes to dating, they love to be seen out with a curvy woman. But in a long-term relationship, like a marriage, it's a pretty female face which matters to a bloke, says a new study. Researchers have found men are instinctively attracted to women's bodies if they are keen on a ‘no strings’ relationship, but they pay more attention to a woman's face in case of settling down and starting a family, as a woman's face provides strong clues to her ‘reproductive value’. — PTI |
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