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| Friday,
July 20, 2001, Chandigarh, India   
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Security
as primary concern New
Delhi’s dilemma |
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Hari Jaisingh
Prosaic justice
Breastfeeding,
a child’s birthright
The
economic profile of South Asia
Testicular
cancer provides clue to other tumours
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Security as primary concern MILITANT
organisations active in Jammu and Kashmir as their main area of operation, with all kinds of support from Pakistan's ISI, had been pronouncing their judgement on the Indo-Pak Agra summit much before it was held. Obviously, it was in the negative as militants do not believe in the resolution of a problem through a dialogue. What has happened at Agra has emboldened them, particularly the intransigence of Pakistan not to accept the reality of cross-border terrorism. The message must have gone down the militant ranks that they are the real heroes of the macabre drama being enacted in the valley and that no ruler in Pakistan can afford to marginalise their role. On the other hand, the establishment in Islamabad foolishly believes that militancy is the most potent weapon with it to compel not only New Delhi but also world capitals to buy its viewpoint on Kashmir. Thus, Pakistan has developed a dangerously peculiar interest in engineering subversive activities in the valley as also elsewhere in India. The reported threat to Indian missions in different countries from Islamabad-sponsored militants should be seen against this
background. There appears to be a tactical change in the militants' strategy — giving a new dimension to Pakistan's unholy plan. To effectively meet the challenge, the first step India will have to take is to drastically overhaul its security networks. It will also have to learn from other countries' experience in handling such situations. Two names come immediately to one's mind: the USA and Israel. While the super power may be reluctant to come to India's rescue because of its own security problems, Israeli response may be positive. The skill of our security forces must be improved with the necessary help available from anywhere. There is another problem which appears to have escaped the attention of the intelligence agencies. Since the security forces have stepped up their pressure on the militants in the valley and with considerable success, the saboteurs may look for soft targets beyond Kashmir. If there is a threat to the lives of those working in India's missions abroad, there is increased danger to the security of the common man at railway stations, bus stands, parks and other public places. Alert should also be sounded for protecting India's historical monuments and sensitive installations. Remember what the Lashkar-e-Toiba said after the bomb blast at Delhi's Red Fort in December last year. Strict vigil is not enough. A security awareness campaign should be launched to
involve the public in the entire exercise. The security forces should be provided with the latest electronic gadgets as also the necessary training to handle "fedayeen" attacks (suicide bombings). Taming "fedayeen" is a difficult task, but not impossible for a nation like India. |
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New Delhi’s dilemma IN an unprecedented diplomatic decision India has asked Pakistan to treat the Agra summit as a non-event and revert back to the substance and spirit of the Shimla Agreement and the Lahore Declaration. What this means is that the government of this country is going to blot out from memory the exercise of three days in New Delhi and Agra and condemn records of all the tough bargaining, copious notes, drafts and the millions of words spoken and written in the electronic and print media to inaccessible archives. The real reason for this curious step is not known but some assumptions are safe to make. One, President Pervez Musharraf is addressing a press conference in Islamabad today and he is expected to give his version of what happened at Agra. If his words at the breakfast meeting with some Indian editors on Monday are any indication, the General can be relied on to make blunt and hurting revelations. A close aide of his in charge of liaising with the media said that the General was “hurt and disappointed” at the collapse of the Agra summit. As a military top brass he is accustomed to having the last word and when frustrated he is likely to spit fire New Delhi should have known that the reference to Shimla and Lahore will not humour President Musharraf greatly. The Shimla Agreement was signed by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the father of his present political rival Benazir Bhutto. General Musharraf boycotted the Lahore signing ceremony, and asking him to abide by its spirit and structure is to do a Musharraf on him. Obviously, New Delhi is keen on blanketing out all information on the summit discussion. It is perhaps too late. Pakistan Foreign Minister Abdus Sattar has revealed the core points of agreement and the core points of disagreement. Several Indian newspapers have followed this up and have come out with their own accounts. Then there is the Pakistan President’s press conference on Friday and his order to his High Commission in New Delhi is to issue visas to every journalist and television camera man. Prime Minister Vajpayee has shared with his NDA partners the trend of developments for more than 36 hours on Sunday and Monday last. In these days of instant journalism, with television channels hungry for minute-by-minute progress, intelligent media management is more effective than relegating the Agra summit as a historic aberration and not a reality. |
A General’s warped history lecture
ONE turning-point in the India-Pakistan summit at Agra was Gen Pervez Musharraf's breakfast meeting with certain Delhi-centric editors picked up at random. This was a calculated move on the part of Pakistan's media managers to catch the eyes and ears of the public in the subcontinent and beyond and project their new ruler as a tough person. Indeed, the General gave the impression as if he was talking to his commanders and not India's "thinking persons" who might not have relished what he "sold" them as "truth" on Kashmir. Such breakfast meetings are part of interactive diplomacy these days. However, decorum demands that these interactions are kept off the record. At the Monday morning encounter President Musharraf first read out his written statement and then invited questions. This was aggressive PR. The Pakistan President's idiom was neither friendly nor positive. This went against the very spirit and purpose of the Agra summit for establishing peace, amity and cooperation between the two neighbours. India's External Affairs Minister Jaswant Singh politely hammered this point during his press conference at the Media Centre (Mughal Sheraton) at Agra the next day. The on-the-record breakfast interaction at the critical stage of the summit deliberations showed Islamabad's insensitivity to diplomatic niceties. It is a different matter if the purpose was to wreck the dialogue. If the General meant business and was serious about negotiations, he should have avoided this televised show. Informal discussions with senior Indian journalists would, of course, have been very much in order. But President Musharraf wanted to play to the gallery to score a few points. General Musharraf is surely entitled to air his views. In this country opinions and viewpoints float freely, howsoever loathsome these might be to the powers that be. What has, however, disturbed me is the distortion of certain historical facts and the selective play of certain past events. This was reflected in the General's response to some pointed, some insipid and some goody-goody questions from the editors. It must be said to his credit that General Musharraf used the occasion intelligently to highlight his perspective on Kashmir. Perhaps, some senior journalists would have loved to join issue, if given a chance. Such occasions are generally not meant to be debating forums. Still, a bit of soul-searching by General Musharraf may help. I firmly believe that stable ties between the two countries can be built if we are honest and true to ourselves as well as to one another. Here duplicity and the diplomacy of back-stabbing can hardly show a new direction. General Musharraf speaks for the people of Jammu and Kashmir. He points out that without a solution to the question of Kashmir, Indo-Pak relations cannot be improved; nor can other bilateral problems be discussed or sorted out. Fine. May I ask the General: who has given Pakistan "the authority" (thekedari) to speak for the people of Jammu and Kashmir? The Pakistan-sponsored Hurriyat card represents only one section of the state. Does President Musharraf possess a copy of the will of the people of Jammu and Kashmir? Is it not a fact that with the signing of the Instrument of Accession by Maharaja Hari Singh Jammu and Kashmir became part of India? This was later endorsed by Sheikh Abdullah, then popular leader of the state. Even if we grant the General this "privilege", tomorrow he may claim to speak for over 130 million Muslim citizens of this country who outnumber the Pakistanis. We do not see the country's composite problems with communal angularities. To say that is not to deny occasional distortions, mistakes, political games and vote bank politics often played by politicians. Still, this nation has enough resilience to withstand such onslaughts and apply correctives. This is the strength of Indian democracy. It will be worthwhile for General Musharraf to recheck his facts so that he does not see freedom fighters in terrorists! As for the Palestinians, their's is a different saga of bravery and struggle. So was the case with Mukti Bahini. The General will have to read certain authentic accounts to find out the genesis of the crisis in the erstwhile East Pakistan that led to India coming into the picture. In any case, we cannot improve the atmosphere by retailoring the subcontinent's history to suit the whims and fancies of Pakistani leaders. India has not kept Bangladesh as its colony. It is a free and independent country — a proud member of the comity of nations. In sharp contrast, the Kashmiris know Islamabad's gameplan to make it a colony of Pakistan in the name of Islam and Muslim solidarity! It is also an internationally known fact that Pakistan has been aiding and abetting terrorism and disturbing the peace and tranquillity in the valley. Islamabad has training camps for terrorists across the border and within its territory. A similar dubious game was played by the ISI for Punjab militants. Documentary proof is available in this regard. May I also ask the General: why is he running these camps if he is keen on solving the Kashmir problem? Why is he openly supporting militants who are killing civilians the most? To General Musharraf, Kashmir is a "core issue". By the way, no Pakistani talks of "Jammu and Kashmir", but only of "Kashmir". Is there a hidden meaning in this? Afterall, they know that the Hindus of Jammu and the Buddhists of Ladakh will not join Pakistan. They must also know that few people in the valley have any love lost for Islamabad. Well, Jammu and Kashmir is a core issue for India, too. India cannot accept Pakistan's claim on J&K for a number of reasons: First, partition of India did not take place on the basis of the two-nation theory. India rejected it. In any case, more than a hundred million Muslims chose to remain in India and refused to go to the other side. So did the Muslims of Jammu and Kashmir. They chose to remain with India. Second, partition was not a geographical division. What then was the basis of Pakistan? Muslim majority states contiguous to each other were to form the new state of Pakistan. As for the princely states, they were to join India or Pakistan according to geographical contiguity. The final choice was left to the Maharajas. In no case was independence an option. Jammu and Kashmir is contiguous to both India and Pakistan. So, the Maharaja's choice became vital and decisive. This was as simple as that. What led to the problem of Jammu and Kashmir was the Anglo-American gameplan to keep the state with Pakistan so that they could gain access to it for setting up watchposts against the then Soviet Union and China. We know what happened as a consequence. It was wrong on the part of Jawaharlal Nehru to go to the UN. But worse was his plebiscite line which was subject to certain conditions. Let us assume that a plebiscite was held and Kashmiri Muslims voted for accession to Pakistan. (Of course, such a prospect was unthinkable.) What would have happened? There would have been an exodus of Hindus and Sikhs and Buddhists from the state. They would have either been driven out of the state or they would have fled out of fear for their lives. Nehru was a witness to the partition holocaust. Remember, Pakistan was after the entire state. If Pakistan's claim was reduced to part of the valley, history would have taken a different course. Pakistan says today that Jammu and Kashmir is not a territorial question, but a human rights issue — the issue of self-determination. The UN does not recognise this right if it leads to secessionism. Even otherwise, the UN Secretary General, Mr Kofi Annan, has said categorically the UN resolution is no longer applicable to Kashmir. So, what is the locus standi of Islamabad? So the issue boils down to the valley people. From all indications, the people of the valley do not want to join Pakistan. But while Islamabad talks of the ideal of self-determination, it is unwilling to accept the same right for Pakistan occupied Kashmir (PoK) and the northern territories. As it is, out of the total area of the present day Jammu and Kashmir, about 35 per cent is under illegal occupation of Pakistan, about 2 per cent has been handed over by it to China, which is already in illegal occupation of an additional area of about 17 per cent. The means that the area under the effective control of the state is roughly 46 per cent. Be that as it may. How can Pakistan justify the proxy war, its enormous casualties and all the money wasted on this? Did it hope to grab the whole state and drive out the Hindus and the Buddhists? Pakistan-sponsored militants have already thrown out the Kashmiri Pandits from the valley as part of their cleansing politics. This is what one is led to believe from Pakistan's reluctance to include cross-border terrorism in the proposed joint statement at Agra. Islamabad should know that the proxy war must be wound up if the dialogue is to continue and give meaningful results. This is the test of Islamabad's sincerity. As for economic cooperation, the gas pipeline project is central. It is beneficial to both Pakistan and India, as also to Iran. But it cannot wait indefinitely. If Iran and India take a decision to try the sea-bed route, then Pakistan will be out of the picture for now and forever. That is the price it will have to pay for its procrastination. It will also have repercussions on US-Pakistan relations. The point I want to make is this: the anti-India animus will put Pakistan on a disastrous course. One cannot even envisage where it will end. On the other hand, a positive and constructive approach could be the dawn of a new era in India-Pakistan relations. The choice is Pakistan's. It needs to look beyond Agra. |
Prosaic justice AS to why Prem, who was older than both of us, thrashed Ved rather than me, has never ceased to baffle me. After all it was I who had flung the stone that hit him straight on the head and for a moment left him utterly dazed. I had aimed it at one of the pine cones which dangled so tantalisingly from a pine tree, for the sake of chilgozas, the pine fruit which it contained. Ever since Babaji (that is how we children used to address our grandfather) happened to bring home a pinecone and extract chilgozas out of it, after heating the cone, our one great ambition had been to collect as many pinecones as possible and obtain chilgozas out of these. Spurred by our boyish imagination we dreamt fantastic dreams of becoming multi-millionaires by collecting and selling chilgozas. We might even become big chilgoza merchants, we thought! Kasauli, a well-known hill station, sleeping snugly in the lap of the mighty Himalayas, use to be our grandfather’s favourite summer resort. The custom those days was to hire a house at these hill resorts for a six-month-long stretch. The rent used to be ridiculously low. He had by then retired from government service and would spend the better part of each summer in its cool environs. As summer approached we children, also a whole tribe of uncles and aunts, would make a beeline for Kasauli and spend a part of the summer season there. And what with our peregrinations up and down, mornings, evenings and afternoons, we had virtually a free run of this diminutive, little township amidst thick dark clouds which enveloped us whenever the mood betook them, alternating with scintillating sunshine. Until one day Babaji brought a pinecone from his morning walk and heated it on the oven and lo and behold! Real chilgozas popped out of it and greeted our unbelieving eyes. And with what great relish we devoured them! This
signalled an open sesame to a magic world. One afternoon when we were out on such an expedition, we three cousins, Prem, Ved and myself, started pelting stones at these inviting cones. One of these stones which I threw, instead of hitting its target, landed neatly on Prem’s head on its return trip to mother Earth. How I cursed Newton and his law of gravitation! I was terrified at the inevitable nemesis awaiting me and almost covered my face with my hands as if in a defensive reflex action when all of a sudden Ved shouted with utmost abandon “Bahut maza aya!” How wonderfully the stone had landed on Prem’s head! This simply sent Prem into a transport of uncontrollable rage. Fortunately for me he completely forgot the real perpetrator of his affliction and fell upon Ved with such ferocity as to almost paralyse me with fear. And while the going was good I wended my way homeward well ahead of the other two. Some prosaic justice that! |
Vidhva Vivah Sahaik Sabha
Reports of 260 widow marriages have been received from the different branches and coworkers of the Vidhva Vivah Sahaik Sabha, Lahore (Punjab), throughout India in the month of June 1926. The total number of marriages held in the current year i.e, from Ist January to the end of June, 1926, has reached 1304. |
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Breastfeeding, a child’s birthright
The theme of this year’s breastfeeding week in August is breastfeeding as a human right. This not only makes breastfeeding the right of mothers but also a fundamental component in assuring a child’s right to food, health and care. Breastfeeding has a vital child-spacing effect, which is especially important in developing countries where the awareness, acceptability and availability of modern family planning methods are very low.
WFS
Schoolgirls and sexuality
The Kenya government’s recent decision to stop the four-decade-old practice of testing the virginity of school-going girls has been met with mixed reactions. While many feel that this step has been taken not a day too late, parents of some girls are protesting saying that the government should protect their daughters from “hooligans”. The need for changing this practice was felt even more because according to some critics of the government it contributed immensely to the 65 per cent dropout rate amongst school-going girls before they completed eight years of their education.
WFS
Happening hen parties
The last few years have seen women’s pre-marital hen parties match, and even exceed, the traditional men’s stag parties in scenes of rowdiness and debauchery. A typical hen party has lots of drinking, eating and male strippers who are clawed and scratched by the bride-to-be’s friends. Women are so messy, they don’t listen to the rules and they think they can get away with it.
WFS
Man trapped inside toilet for 80 hrs
It was indeed a miracle that a 63-year-old Austrian man survived despite being trapped inside a portable toilet for some 80 hours. According to newspaper reports, the victim’s ordeal began when two men hit him on the head and then robbed him in Vienna. The assailants chased him until he located the toilet and locked himself in. But the two so-called “muggers” flipped the cramped plastic container over with the door face down so that he could not get out. “He screamed again and again for help and banged against the walls, but nobody heard him because it was on a very busy crossroads,” a policeman was quoted as saying. The ordeal came to an end when the man managed to break open one of the vents.
ANI |
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The economic profile of South Asia FOR two thousand years, South Asia was the most developed region of the world. It produced cotton 2000 years before anyone else. It traded with the entire world. There was never anything like poverty. Then how can we explain its present abject poverty? I don’t think we have the answers. Muslim rule? European conquest? Yes, these contributed to disrupt the ongoing developments. But they don’t explain everything. It is true, in the last over half a century, South Asia has made great progress. But the number of poor people has gone up by hundreds of millions. At the turn of the present century, South Asia had 515 million people living in absolute poverty. Of them, the majority lived in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. But India did progress. Its per capita GDP went up from 607 dollars to 1670 dollars (i.e. by 2.7 times) between 1960 and 1997, that of Pakistan by two times, Bangla by 1.6 times and Sri Lanka by 1.8 times. These gains are, however, modest. South Asia has been one of the largest exporters of textiles and still is. Today, in the information age, India has emerged as a major exporter of computer software. Bangalore is the largest producer of software. India is also reservoir of scientific talent. A great market of 1300 million consumers, South Asia has an estimated middle class of 300 million with considerable purchasing power. It is unfortunate that this middle class continues to prefer foreign imported goods. Be that as it may, in spite of these advantages, South Asia remains backward. There are two reasons for this: population explosion and its turbulent life. And for both, we must blame the vile politics of the region and its poor governance. Democracy could have helped. But only in two countries India and Sri Lanka — democracy has taken roots. But Sri Lanka is engaged in fierce civil war. Three countries dominate South Asia — India, Pakistan and Bangladesh — which together account for 95 per cent of the population. Only India has been able to make steady progress. Pakistan, once a prosperous region, has declined. As for Bangladesh, it cannot be a viable state unless it can control its population. Failure in the working of democracy has led to ethnic discontent in most countries. This threatens their very future. Failure in observing democratic norms has led to vast distortions in polity and criminalisation of politics. In Pakistan, Nepal and Bhutan, feudalism is still rampart. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, the challenges is from fundamentalism. Power is concentrated in a few hands in almost all countries except India. The introduction of panchayat and empowerment of women are expected to distribute power on a wider scale. There is resistance to this. South Asia can make some claims to modest economic successes. Life expectancy has gone up in the region, particularly in India and Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka and the Maldives have much to show in social gains. With the literacy levels at 90 per cent, these countries are on a par with countries like South Korea and Taiwan. But without rapid economic growth, unemployment has become a major problem. The education level in Nepal and Bhutan is dismal, well below the average of developing countries. As for medicare, it is totally inadequate in most of the countries. Lack of social development has led to poor human development. All countries are way down in the international scale. India has been relatively successful in poverty reduction. The same cannot be said of others. In fact, poverty has grown in South Asia since the 1980s. Poverty is one of the principal causes for environmental degradation throughout South Asia. One aggravates the other, and has thus become a vicious cycle. Rural poverty has driven millions into urban centres, where they fester in slums. As a result, most of the municipalities are breaking down. They are unable to cope with the demands for services like water and power, not to speak of schools, hospitals, housing etc. In Colombo, half the people live in slums. The same can be said of Karachi and Dhaka. In Calcutta, Mumbai and Delhi, the percentage of people living in the slums has been put at around 40. Today these slums breed not only diseases and unhealthy environment, but also criminals. Most of the cities are unable to carry out waste disposal. The slums have, however, become vote banks of parties and politicians. Strange, they try to preserve the slums as they are! Unfortunately, South Asia happens to be one of the worst governed areas of the world. A greedy ruling class eager to make its millions and occupy the top rungs of society, is ready to resort to even criminal methods. For this, they have lined up with the criminals. The bureaucracy, largely, a creation of the British rulers, is in league with the ruling class. In almost all countries, there is a measure of judicial activism because the ruling class is threatening the very interests of society. The short-cut to wealth has created great income disparities perhaps, it is the worst in the world. Thus, rich, who form one fifth of the population, earns almost 40 per cent of the income, and the poorest 20 per cent earns less than 10 per cent of the income. If the economic performance of the region is poor, it is because there is no unity of purpose. The rulers, the bureaucracy, the workers, the private sector — they all pursue different goals. In the process, it is the country and the region which have suffered. As a result, the intra-regional trade is no more than 3-4 per cent of the region’s GDP. This after 16 years of efforts to promote trade! The figure for ASEAN is 25 per cent and for EU 35 per cent. In the 16 years of SAARC’s life, all that it has achieved is a scheme for tariff reduction under SAPTA. But it has not been a great success. In any case, the free trade area that was the final goal remains a distant dream. South Asia continues to be largely agricultural. In Nepal and Bhutan more than 90 per cent of the people are engaged in it, about 65 per cent in India and about 55 per cent in Pakistan. Only in Sri Lanka, the figure is less than 50 per cent. Obviously, industrialisation has been very slow for various reasons. Perhaps for want of resources, skills, technology etc. That is way regional cooperation could have helped each country to achieve a measure of industrialisation. For want of this, unemployment has grown rapidly. Agriculture is no more in a position to absorb surplus labour. I cannot see any progress unless South Asians go in for large schemes which can alter the economic profile of the South Asia. I am thinking of exploitation of the Himalayan waters, of the hydropower potential of Bhutan and Nepal, of the gas resources of Bangladesh and energy resources of Pakistan. These could change the economic profile of South Asia. There are other areas where South Asia must cooperate. For example, in poverty reduction, social development, tourism, energy sharing, transport and communication in all these cooperation would have produced greater success. But the will is wanting. |
Testicular cancer provides clue to other tumours MAKING different tumour cells act like those of testicular cancer could help researchers treat a variety of malignancies, according to UK-based investigators. Testicular cancer affects around 1,700 men each year in the UK. Advances in chemotherapy over the last 25 years means it is now successfully treated in more than 90 per cent of cases. Many testicular cancer patients are cured with a drug called cisplatin, which kills cancer cells by inflicting damage to their genetic material. Testicular cancer cells are extremely sensitive to this agent because they have very low levels of proteins that normally repair damaged DNA”, says Dr John Masters from University College, London. These proteins, called XPA, ERCCI and XPF, normally repair a variety of DNA damage, including that produced by ultraviolet light, but they are also required to repair damage induced by many chemotherapeutic drugs, he added. Masters and colleagues are researching why testicular cancers produce low levels of these proteins. One possibility is that the genes for these proteins are shut down in testicular cancer but not in other cancers. Once we have this knowledge awe will determine whether patients with prostate and other cancers can be given one drug to knock out this DNA repair system, and another to deliver the killer blow to the tumour, the researcher explained. In essence, we hope to make the cells of tumours more like those of testicular cancers to increase the chances of successful treatment. Dr Masters has said, individuals with an inherited skin disorder called xeroderma pigmentosum also have defects in these same DNA repair proteins, and are very sensitive to the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. These patients are also very sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and show that our proposed approach to treatment may well be feasible. One of the most frustrating things about the fight against cancer is that while we have made significant progress against some cancers, others have proved much more resistant to treatment.
INFA |
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What could not be understood will be realised in solitude, Through the power of the Name of the Lord alone. What was invisible will become visible in solitude, By the power that the Name of the Lord is what was silent will find expression in the calmness of the mind, Wrought by the power for the Lord's Name alone. What was unobtainable, will be obtained beyond measure, Through the ceaseless repetition of the Name of the Lord alone. Souls in bondage, says Tuka, with intense devotion, Will attain liberation through the Name of the Lord alone. — Sant Tuka Ram, Gatha, 3047 ***** The reading of books and learning all knowledge is one thing; and to acquire the Truth is another. You may read all the sacred Scriptures and yet not know the Truth. ***** Ownership is making a thing my own. I make the whole world my own. (I am) owner of the universe. ***** The only wrong is to put this question "Am I right?" — Swami Ramatirtha, In Woods of God Realisation Vol. I: "Notebooks of Swami Rama" ***** There is infinite power in the Lord's name. The Lord's Name is the solution for all the troubles that have beset mankind in the modern age. — Swami Chidananda,
Eternal Messages ***** O Anger, the origin of strife, you know no compassion. You have a powerful
swayover vicious people who dance to your tunes like monkeys and thereby you have to face punishment at the hands of messengers of Yama. — Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Shahaskriti Shlokas,
page 1358 |
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