The Tribune...World

	W O R L D	July 5, 1998
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World's tallest man, Alam Channa, who died of kidney failure in a New York hospital on Thursday. His body will be laid to rest in his ancestral town of Dadu in Sindh province, Pakistan.

CIA zeros in on early warning system
NEW YORK, July 4 (PTI) — In a classified report on how to prevent future miscalculations in the wake of Indian nuclear tests, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has reportedly zeroed in on an early warning system.The report by Admiral David Jeremiah...

Russia reviews its N-doctrine
MOSCOW, July 4 (PTI) — Russia’s National Security Council, at a special meeting chaired by President Boris Yeltsin yesterday, reviewed its nuclear doctrine

China, Kazakstan reach border pact
ALMATY (Kazakstan), July 4 (AP) — China and Kazakstan today signed an agreement that brings a long-standing border dispute to an end.
“We have completely and finally solved all questions about the border,” Chinese President Jiang Zemin said at a joint news conference with Kazak President Nursultan Nazerbayev.
China and Kazakstan share a 1,700-km-long border and have disagreed over sovereignty of two areas in the southeastern East and northeastern regions of Kazakstan.“Border disagreements are always delicate,” Mr Nazarbayev said.

CIA zeros in on early warning system
NEW YORK, July 4 (PTI) — In a classified report on how to prevent future miscalculations in the wake of Indian nuclear tests, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has reportedly zeroed in on an early warning system.
The report by Admiral David Jeremiah, a retired vice-chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said the intelligence services needed to find new ways to issue a warning, the New York Times reported today.
The members said the Chairman of the Interagency National Intelligence Council was planning to expand the use of panels of outside experts, known inside the CIA as red teams, to challenge assumptions of the CIA analysis.
But the teams, the paper said, could cause problems. Earlier use of outside teams had created serious rivalries.
In mid 1970s, the Ford Administration used an outside panel of conservative experts, known as team B, to discredit CIA analysts viewed by Republicans as being too soft on the Soviet Union.

Soon team B got the reputation of being just as predictable as the conventional wisdom it was supposed to counterbalance.
The newspaper quoted senior officials as saying they would be careful not to allow the new teams to be tinged by partisanships and that they would only be used on a selected basis.
But such outside advice, the newspaper said, was unlikely to be considered a replacement for full time in-house warning officers post which was created in 1979 as a position on the National Intelligence Council in the wake of congressional demands for intelligence reforms.
The officer was responsible for making sure that the USA was not caught by surprise by a war or other major crisis.
In particular, the warning officer was supposed to focus on potential flashpoints that were sources of controversy among the experts or needed to be of greater concern to policy makers. By definition, that meant the job called for unconventional thinking.
“When they created the job, they were trying to institutionalise the role of the devil’s advocate,” former CIA Director Robert Gates, who conducted a still classified study on the warning system, was quoted as saying.
In February, the newspaper said, the National Intelligence Officer for Warning, Robert Vickers, found himself at the centre of the debate over whether India would test a nuclear weapon.
His job was to argue against conventional wisdom. But after supervising a debate among experts from the CIA and other agencies, Mr Vickers accepted the consensus that India’s new government would not conduct the nuclear tests, the New York Times reported.
His decision not to challenge the experts was now seen in the intelligence world as a key incident in the “long chain of wrong steps” by officials throughout the US Government that contributed to one of the worst intelligence failures in recent years when India announced in May that it had detonated five nuclear devices.

Mr Gates said: “We worked this problem time and again and it is very difficult to get the right approach. If you have a warning officer who always takes a minority view, then he gets the reputation for crying wolf. And the worst part of the problem is that even when the warning officer is doing his job right, he is usually going to be wrong because a consensus view is usually right.”
American officials were quoted as saying that Mr Vickers, who had served as the warning officer since 1996, had tried to strike a balance, early this year, for instance, he issued a major intelligence report that raised new concerns about the security of nuclear weapons in the former Soviet republics, one of the most controversial and sensitive issues now faced by the CIA.
But on India, all analysts Mr Vickers polled in Feburary discounted the public statements of leaders of the BJP who had vowed during the election campaign to turn India into a nuclear power, the New York Times said.
American officials were quoted as saying the consensus among the experts was that the party would be forced to moderate its nuclear stand as soon as it was in power, to hold its governing coalition together.
Without any secret intelligence to contradict them, the paper said Mr Vickers accepted the experts’ views. He published their analysis in a classified newsletter produced by his office and distributed it throughout the intelligence agencies in Feburary.
“India, the largest democracy in the world, tested a nuclear weapon and the USA the major democracy in the world, didn’t know it. That is not a trivial issue,” an unidentified senior official was quoted as saying.

More disclosures after asylum: defector
NEW YORK, July 4 (PTI) — The attorney of Dr Iftikhar Khan Chaudhry, Pakistani nuclear scientist, who is seeking asylum in the USA, has contested Islamabad’s claim that his client is not a nuclear scientist but an accountant.
The attorney, Michael Wildes, indicated that the statement made by Mr Chaurdhry’s father that his son worked in a company that made bathroom tiles was due to the threat the family was receiving from the Pakistani intelligence services.
In interviews with American television and the media, Mr Wildes said his client was seeking asylum in the USA because he feared for his life and would be executed if he returned to Pakistan.
Mr Chaudhry said he left Pakistan after receiving death threats from the intelligence services following his protest against planned nuclear attacks on New Delhi and other targets in India.
Mr Wildes said his client would give more information only after he was granted asylum.
A report quoted him as saying that other western countries were also interested in Mr Chaudhry but he did not name them.
Meanwhile, Pakistan is pressing the USA to send Mr Chaudhry back home and wants the American and Canadian authorities to investigate how he got the visas.
Mr Chaudhry said he got into trouble with the Pakistani authorities after he urged them to give up their plan for preemptive nuclear strikes against India and threatened to go public if they did not do so.

He is in New York but his four colleagues are in England.A copy of the handwritten letter dated April 26, marked confidential, and signed by the five to Dr Altaf Hussain, Chief Scientific Officer of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, was also released to the Press. It reads: “Sir, “Please refer to the meeting held on April 25, 1998, at the rest house of Khushab Nuclear Research Centre, chaired by the Chief of the Army Staff, Gen. Jehangir Karamat, and attended by the heads of all other defence forces, all high ranking officials of the government of Pakistan, the special assistant to the Prime Minister, Mr Mushahid Hussain, the Defence Secretary, CEO, Dr A. Q. Khan (Kahuta), Dr Abdul Qadir Khan and your goodself.
“Sir, as a nuclear physicist I am very well aware of the fact that the usage of nuclear weapons and atomic bombs is very very dangerous and destructive to human being and particularly to major part of population of subcontinent (India-Pakistan). I believe in that it is my moral duty to make efforts as I can so to avoid the usage of nuclear weapons by concerned militant and armed forces of Pakistan. Therefore, on behalf of my other four colleagues, who have also similar views as mine, and myself request to you, Dr A.Q. Khan, P.M., the president, all the chiefs of armed forces and all of P.A.E.C. concerned to be restraint of the usage of so destructive nuclear/atomic weapons.
“In case of no change of decision, we will go to public and will make every effort which will be possible to save the human being from such a huge atomic collision of two countries.
“Hoping a very very quick and urgent positive response from your and all the concerned.“Thanking you in anticipation.”
The Pakistani diplomats have been arguing that the poor grammar and construction of sentences and spelling mistakes show that he is no scientist but only a low level employee.

Russia reviews its N-doctrine
MOSCOW, July 4 (PTI) — Russia’s National Security Council, at a special meeting chaired by President Boris Yeltsin yesterday, reviewed its nuclear doctrine to face the challenges posed by the recent Indian and Pakistani tests.
Categorically denying that Russia’s nuclear might is declining, Mr Yeltsin declared in his televised inaugural speech its nuclear arsenal would remain "one of the most important" factors in ensuring the country’s security, and called for an "extremely realistic" review of the state of affairs.
Mr Yeltsin had ordered the preparations for yesterday’s special meeting of the top policy planning body immediately after the Indian tests on May 11 and 13 in view of an imminent Pakistani response which came on May 28 and 30.
Speaking in a TV programme on the eve of the meeting, Council Secretary Andrei Kokoshin said the emergence of two new nuclear powers in South Asia had "changed the equation of balance of forces" on the global scale.
He also called for "tangible and concrete interaction" of declared nuclear powers in checking the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

GLOBAL MONITOR

Death sentence for 6 army men
COLOMBO: In an unprecedented judgement in Sri Lanka, the high court on Friday sentenced six army personnel to death for their involvement in the rape and murder of an 18-year-old Tamil girl and killing of her three relatives in northern Jaffna. The army men, in additional punishment, were also awarded 30-year prison terms for murdering the girl, Krishanthi Kumaraswamy, and her relatives in October, 1996, apart from being fined Rs 50,000 each failing to pay which they would get an additional two years in jail. —PTI

Chauffeur’s parents
LONDON: The parents of the drunk chauffeur who died with Princess Diana in a Paris car wreck say they have received nothing but kindness from the Princess’s family and relatives of her boyfriend Dody Fayed, who was also killed. In an interview published in the British tabloid, Express, on what would have been driver Henri Paul’s 42nd birthday, Jean and Gisele Paul said they were greeted cordially by Diana’s mother when they attended a recent six-hour legal summit in Paris before the judge investigating the August 31 crash. —AP