|
|
Love and hate
Boost for learning
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Unrest in Thailand
Great Game in Afghanistan
Stylising handicaps
Plough to plate
Glacial melting: Tip of iceberg
Chatterati
|
Love and hate
The Punjab and Haryana High Court has come down heavily on the khap panchayats taking law into their own hands to prohibit marriages within the same gotra. Three residents of Haryana had filed a public interest litigation (PIL) to demand prohibition of intra-gotra marriages and directions to the legislature to amend the Hindu Marriage Act. When the petitioners pleaded on Friday that the traditions and customs of Haryana needed to be saved, the court made it clear that “ no tradition can violate the law”. The court reflected the widespread public anguish when it said: “Lawlessness is rampant. People are killing couples. What is happening in Haryana?” The same-gotra marriages were declared valid and lawful way back in 1945 by the Bombay High Court much before Hindu personal law was codified. As a national daily has recalled the case, the two-judge Bench that gave the historic judgement comprised Justices Harilal Kania and P.B. Gajendragadkar, who both rose to occupy the highest post of Chief Justice of India. Since the legal position is clear, the Jats may plead that it was a custom among them not to marry within the same gotra. That is not a problem. The problem arises when the khap panchayats order the killings of couples violating the custom or make them leave the village against their will. Parents and relatives resort to “honour” killings. It is well settled that in case of a conflict between a custom and a law, it is the law that prevails. The khap panchayats need to understand this simple fact. They cannot be allowed to run a parallel system of justice. If the khap panchayats have got away with murder it is because of vote-bank politics. There are politicians openly supporting these regressive institutions for their narrow ends. The government has failed to put the fear of law into the heads of these so-called guardians of customs. |
|
Boost for learning
In a country where the gross enrolment ratio in higher education leaves much to be desired, any effort to make education more accessible and equitable to its youth is welcome. The government proposal to launch a refinance scheme to provide education loans at a lower interest rate — as low as 4 per cent — is likely to encourage many students to pursue higher education. The increase in the repayment period, too, will help provide a level playing field. Education is not only an empowering tool but also a great social leveller. Today, as education is becoming more and more expensive, many are denied higher education for want of funds. Since Independence the scope and ambit of higher education may have expanded manifold, yet it remains marked by inequities. The 1986 National Policy on Education was aimed at providing equal access to every Indian of requisite merit, regardless of origin, but higher education has sadly become an exclusive preserve of the well-heeled. To remove the anomalies, earlier the government had approved of interest-free education loans for students from the economically weaker sections. The recent proposal to link education loans to the family income — a lower interest rate for a low income family member — is in the same spirit. The government now needs to expedite the process. There is indeed a case for the removal of collateral for loans above Rs 4 lakh too since often the need for a collateral becomes a stumbling block in the way of procuring education loans. The proposed National Education Finance Corporation being examined by the Planning Commission, which will refinance banks to extend soft loans, should be set up at the earliest. All modalities should be worked out and there should be no room for ambiguities. If India has to emerge as a knowledge power and, more pertinently, if the government’s goal of increasing GER to 30 per cent has to be achieved, its youth, especially those from the underprivileged sections, must be provided equal opportunities to fulfil their educational aspirations. Reforms in education would be meaningless if only a small number of the nation’s school-going children continue to opt for higher education. |
|
|
Unrest in Thailand
Despite the offer of a political roadmap to end the deadliest political crisis in Thailand in 18 years, the Red Shirt protesters, demanding the ouster of Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva, are in no mood to relent. A number of persons have died in the fresh wave of violence that began a few days back. The two-month-long standoff between the government and the protesters, the supporters of ousted Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, claimed the largest number of lives in April — 25 in all — due to a failed crackdown on demonstrators, not prepared to agree to any proposal unless the present government, surviving with the army’s support, resigns. Clearly, the anger of the pro-Thaksin protesters, mostly the urban poor and the villagers, is growing. The Prime Minister says that he is prepared to hold elections in September, but his opponents refuse to believe him. Their primary condition for ending the agitation is that he should immediately resign and order dissolution of parliament. Mr Abhisit’s opponents argue that he has nothing to do with holding elections, which remains the responsibility of the Election Commission. He is accused of being bothered about the interests of only the privileged classes. This is the primary reason why thousands of villagers have descended on Bangkok from various corners of Thailand to force Mr Abhisit to relinquish power. Mr Abhisit has indicated that he has no plan to dissolve parliament. He seems confident of handling the situation with the backing of the military. Ultimatums given by the pro-Thaksin elements have failed to make him see reason and resign to allow peace to return to Thailand. Business activity in Bangkok, one of the most favoured tourist destinations, has suffered considerably as a result of the agitation. However, Indian business establishments remain almost unaffected because of being located outside the Thai capital. As the situation prevails today, the unrest may spread to other areas, hitting trade and business outside Bangkok, too.
|
|
|
Tradition means giving votes to the most obscure of all classes, our ancestors. It is the democracy of the dead.
— G. K. Chesterton |
Great Game in Afghanistan
The talks between President Hamid Karzai and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in New Delhi on April 26 were a reminder of the friendly ties between India and post-Taliban Afghanistan. India supported Afghanistan’s entry into SAARC at the New Delhi summit in 2007. And any differences between the Karzai government and New Delhi over the nature of reconciliation and power-sharing with the Taliban can hide the fact that India, which has given $1.3 billion aid for reconstruction since 2001, is favoured by 71 per cent of Afghans. Pakistan, which has been lambasted by Mr Karzai for trying to destabilise his country with its extremist exports, is favoured by a mere 2 per cent. India is the sixth largest bilateral regional donor-country and has supported a number of projects, including those related to health care, agriculture and education in Afghanistan. Afghans enjoy Bollywood movies and pop music. As a supporter of the Northern Alliance, which helped the US topple the fundamentalist Taliban regime in 2001, New Delhi is on good terms with both Mr Karzai and Dr Abdullah Abdullah, his main electoral challenger last August. But what are the chances that the road to success for President Obama’s Afghanistan strategy will run through India? A complex mix of national interests and international politics is likely to prevent India from having much say in the future of Afghanistan. Indian nonalignment rules out troop contributions which would mean that Indian soldiers fight under NATO’s command – and perhaps give it greater influence in Kabul and Washington. India also has limited influence in western capitals on Afghanistan. Since the US overthrew the Taliban in 2001 India has failed to persuade the US to brand Pakistan as a terrorist exporting state, although the US has since long tried to persuade Islamabad to crack down on the Afghan Taliban. With Islamabad providing logistical support to NATO, Washington cannot drop its Pakistan card to please New Delhi. Indeed, Gen Stanley McChrystal, the current NATO commander in Afghanistan, annoyed New Delhi last September when he advised Washington that “increasing Indian influence in Afghanistan is likely to exacerbate regional tensions.” And Pakistan’s influence over London was evident at the London Conference on Afghanistan last January, when it persuaded Foreign Secretary David Miliband to exclude India from a regional council to debate Afghanistan’s political future. More importantly, unlike Mr Karzai and his western backers, India is against reconciliation with the Taliban, for it sees all extremists as bad, not the least because the Taliban have had links with fundamentalist groups waging war on India in its half of Kashmir. Wanting NATO to stay the course and quash extremists, India is dismayed and alarmed that the US and its NATO allies plan to start withdrawing troops from Afghanistan after June 2011. NATO cannot defeat the Afghan Taliban unless Pakistan stops giving them sustenance and training in the north-western city of Quetta and takes military action against them. But while Pakistan has taken on its domestic Taliban, it has yet to move against the Afghan Taliban whom it sees as a useful counterweight to Indian influence in Afghanistan. American plans to start pulling out troops in 2011 give Pakistan no incentive to hunt down the Taliban. For Pakistan, a stable, secure and friendly Afghanistan would be resistant to Indian influence while being steered by Islamabad. At the moment, Pakistan fears the loss of its clout in Afghanistan. Indian influence and popularity have grown since the overthrow of the Taliban government. In recent months, Islamabad has alleged that India’s consulates in the Afghan cities of Kandahar and Jalalabad are behind terrorist activity in Pakistan, particularly in the rebellious province of Balochistan. No evidence has been offered to substantiate the claims, which have been dismissed by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Islamabad is also annoyed that London and Washington are keen on Indian training for Afghan police forces, especially as Mr Karzai rejected an offer made by Gen Ashfaq Kayani, Pakistan’s army chief, of Pakistani training for Afghanistan’s burgeoning army. This is at least partly because Mr Karzai is suspicious of Islamabad’s motives. And if relations between Afghanistan and Islamabad remain prickly, an American-trained Afghan army could threaten Pakistan if it were to grow to 2,50,000 soldiers. Reconciliation may not be against India’s interests if the Taliban accept Mr Karzai’s terms — which include their adherence to the democratic Afghan constitution. In that event, the US will not be able to give Pakistan the decisive say in negotiations on Afghanistan if Mr Karzai is opposed to it. Time and again, he has shown the US that his dependence on American military and economic aid is not synonymous with his being a submissive client. India is also cultivating Iran, Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan on Afghanistan. None of these countries would like to see the Taliban back in the saddle. All five Central Asian countries have given military facilities to the US and could reduce its dependence on Pakistan. But there is no doubt that President Obama’s announcement of America’s withdrawal from Afghanistan has started a new great game. India, for its part, should keep up the good work in Afghanistan. It has already completed the construction of a 220-KV transmission line from Pul-e-Khumri to Kabul and a sub-station at Chimtala to bring additional power from the northern grid to Kabul, and is helping in the restoration of telecommunication infrastructure in 11 of the 34 provinces in Afghanistan. India is helping with the Salma Dam project in western Herat province and the construction of Afghan parliament building in Kabul (both to be completed by 2011). It is also developing a port at Chabahar in Iran, which could become a key point of entry for Indian goods and materiel into Afghanistan because Pakistan refuses India land transit rights to the Afghan border. India runs an air base at Farkhor in Tajikistan on Afghanistan’s northeastern border — a facility it secured with Russian support. New Delhi, Moscow and Tehran do not wish to see the Taliban return to power. But much will depend on NATO’s ability to make headway against the Taliban — and that is India’s uppermost concern in Afghanistan. Meanwhile, amicable ties between India and Afghanistan can only benefit both
countries. The writer, an established author,is Visiting Professor, Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution, New Delhi.
|
||
Stylising handicaps
Watching me shave while standing almost akimbo in front of the washroom mirror, wife said the other day, “Looking great in this style!” “What style?” I questioned. “The way you are standing, with one hand taken behind you on your back and the other working up lather, with the brush on your face!” she explained smiling. “And you call it style! I am only trying to give some support to my Lumber-five & S-one diagnosed slip disc, darling!” I elucidated while she took the justification with a pinch of salt. On another occasion, a teenage daughter of a friend told my wife about me that “Uncle has a unique style of holding his chin always, when he is thoughtful or reflecting.” I had to explain it to her in our next meeting that some kind of neck pain had me hold my chin sometimes. But the young-thing didn’t buy it, grinned and laughed away. On hindsight, there is nothing wrong if you could make up for your deformities and inadequacies in a way that it appears to be a style. Everybody is not as strong and handsome as Hrithik Roshan, who can afford to show his six-fingers on screen, believing he could be spared his (otherwise perceived as such) handicap. Legendary Meena Kumari is said to have chopped off her little finger, which she hid in a way while dancing, etc, as would appear to be one of the mudras. Zeenat Amaan in Satyam Shivam Sundaram had her scalded face covered with side-locks and looked cute. Fight the composer and villain of yesteryears; bald Shetty, had a meek voice box. The directors always thought it wise not to put words into his mouth lest the impact was gone. Those who stammer and have their tongue, too, protrude in an attempt to grab a spoken word, generally cover their mouth to let it appear a style, a la Manoj Kumar. Bharat Kumar though took exception to his caricaturing and lampooning as such, in Om Shanti Om. But he had been doing it, not to cover a handicap, but for style. And here handicap and style come to each other’s rescue. Those who lose their crowning glory, and go bald in whatever balding pattern, have a tendency to grow as much hair on their faces as they can whether it is the sideburns or a bushy moustache, or even a French-cut beard. Also they would allow a dense growth, on the nape, as also on one side of the scalp, that they could turn the entire bunch of hair the other side to cover every shining spot. Those men who are hairy on the chest leading to the neck and forearms wear full-sleeves shirts, as the bow-legged always wear losers and not the slim fit. For reasons of decency, I would desist from talking about women, who do what they do and who do not do what they do not do to allow a swap of their handicaps with styles. I can gainsay, but they are the master connoisseurs in the art of stylising the handicaps. Correcting the handicap in a style is also a wayout. I met an officer who earned two doctorates, and in the process of deep studying his eye lashes lost the voluntary control of blinking and what he had was a look to present, as if he was sleeping, always. Once his superior officer visited him, and I found him wearing the double-triangle fixture, which helped him show by holding up the eyelashes that he was enormously attendant to the celebrations. Last but the not the least, one must mention those who care two hoots to stylise their handicap. There are people who would allow hair to grow on their ears like the alien in Koi Mil Gaya. They aver-removing them would make them lose their riches. So far, so good! But style is the man
himself. |
||
Plough to plate
India is one of the few countries to have become food surplus from a food-deficit state within a few decades. As a result of the Green Revolution, India has made tremendous progress in foodgrain production -- from 100 million tonnes in 1969-70 to 234 million tonnes in 2008-09. In fact, the actual stocks of wheat and rice went up to 63 million tonnes in July 2002 against a buffer stock of 24.3 million tonnes. The bumper crop in the current year is likely to repeat the same situation. India has also achieved the distinction to become the largest producer of liquid milk and sugar, tea, cashew nuts, spices and a major producer of fruits, vegetables and marine products. However, despite these landmarks, the contribution of agriculture to the GDP is nearly one-fifth of the total. When the overall economy of the country has been leaping forward at an average growth rate of 7.6 per cent, agriculture remained sluggish at 2.3 per cent during the 10th plan period. The low contribution of agriculture is a matter of introspection when 57 per cent area of the country is under plough, 53 per cent of rural households cultivate land and almost 83 per cent of them have some involvement with agriculture. The recent liberalisation measures, rapid urbanisation and spurt in information technology have all brought about significant socio-economic changes in a society which in turn have set forth new challenges for agriculture to meet the diversified needs of the society in transition. Today the agriculture sector is mainly driven by demand-led factors, changing consumption patterns and increasing disposable incomes. Agriculture in today’s context is not limited to farming alone, but it is a part of the entire chain from the farmer to the consumer. It is a complete agri-food system that links the plate with the plough and establishes backward and forward linkages while watching the interests of growers, consumers and retailers. Demand for food is influenced not only by the growth of the population, but also its movement, income growth, human resource development, lifestyle and preferences of the people. Urbanisation particularly affects dietary and food demand patterns. Changes in food preferences caused by changing life styles and changes in relative prices associated with rural-urban migration lead to consumption of more diversified food. In the urban areas food choices are shifting from the coarse grains such as sorghum and millets to cereals such as rice and wheat that require less preparation and free women to exploit urban employment opportunities. Urban dwellers also tend to consume more livestock products, fruits, vegetables and processed foods. This is already happening in the urban markets where varieties of packaged food products and quick-to-serve items have become abundant in retail outlets and fast-food restaurants. Though the increasing income does not necessarily mean more expenditure on food (as the capacity of the stomach does not expand), yet low-income people may spend as much as 70 per cent of their budget on food, whereas the rich may spend not more than 10 per cent in view of their larger incomes. As the living conditions of the poor improve, the composition of food also shifts from subsistence diets of grains, roots and tubers to higher quality diets comprised mainly of varied grains, meats, dairy products, eggs, diverse fruits and vegetables. This trend has been known in China and Japan. In Japan, for example, since 1965, consumers have reduced their consumption of rice by 37 per cent, and have increased dairy consumption by 123 per cent, and meat consumption by 22 per cent. Similarly, in India, consumers have been adding one to two million tonnes of milk and dairy products to their diet each year despite high prices and poor quality of products. The change in the consumption basket is already evident. According to the National Sample Survey Organisation, in 2004-05 there was a more than 10 per cent drop in the cereals and pulses expenditure in both rural and urban areas. The monthly per capita consumption of cereals came down from 14.9 kg in 1983 to 12.1 kg in 2004-05 in the rural areas, from 11.6 kg to 9.9 kg in the urban areas during the same period. On the other hand, there is a noticeable increase in the expenditure on milk and milk products, fish and meat. However, poultry ousted other meat with consumption rising about two-and-a-half times in the rural areas and three times in the urban areas between 1993-94 and 2004-05. These consumption patterns have started reflecting in the share of fruit and vegetables, livestock and fishes in terms of the total agricultural output, which has increased from 37.2 per cent (1982-83) to 46.7 per cent (2005-06). More importantly, this segment is growing at more than double the rate at which the grain segment has grown. The recent Economic Survey has, in fact, pointed out that foodgrain production in Punjab has reached a plateau beyond further cure. It seems, therefore, that the future growth of agriculture lies primarily in the high-value food commodities owing to their higher expenditure elasticity compared to foodgrains. The rising domestic as well as international demand coupled with India’s competitiveness in most of these commodities can help boost the overall performance of the agriculture sector. Given the fact, that the markets for these commodities are by and large free and the demand is income elastic, changing demographic and socio-economic indicators will ensure high returns to farmers. Under these circumstances, it is high time “to follow the plate to plough guided by the free play of markets and price signals”, as per the International Food Policy Research analysts. Transition to this system, however, will require readjusting the incentive structure, reforming the existing institutional arrangements and replacing subsidies with investments. Our continued and unabated concern for foodgrain production has resulted in a “skewed distribution of resources, particularly in favour of rice and wheat”. A smooth transition from foodgrains to high-value commodities has to be made in the states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. This will help lessen the pressure on groundwater in Punjab and Haryana and open new opportunities for high value crops. |
|
Glacial melting: Tip of iceberg
Sonam Zangpo, another farmer who is also the headman of Leh district, said, “Our fields received water four times in the whole season.” Normally barley fields receive water through the irrigation channels 12 to 14 during the period of cultivation. Streams ran dry and the staple crop barley, which was water-starved, grew stunted. This pattern of nature going awry has become apparent over the last decade this high altitude trans-Himalayan region: A drastic reduction in the Indus river waters and in smaller streams, disappearing glaciers, flash floods, lake overflows. Many natural springs, which for centuries have been a source of drinking water and irrigation, have gone dry. Ladakh, likened to an oasis in the icy desert, attracts thousands of tourists with its rugged terrain, its immense potential for trekking in the semi-arid highland. But now crossing fast-flowing and intricately linked rivulets does not hold that thrill anymore. “You can now cross these tributaries without wetting your shoes with the help of stones that have emerged on the water surface,” says Tsering, a veteran tour operator. The famous 22-day trek from Lamayuru to Darcha cutting across the Himalayan range had a memorable stretch at the Shinkun La pass, which meant crossing the glacier. Now deep moraines have developed caused by the melting glacier and this route is now omitted from the trekking itinerary. The Khardong La pass, also a must for the trekking enthusiasts, is called the “highest motorable pass in the world”, a lifeline for locals between Leh town and Nubra valley. Here too the rising temperatures have led to a complete disappearance of the glacier, which used to straddle the road. People in Leh have been witnessing glaciers shrinking literally before their eyes. They have seen flash floods in 1999 and in 2006 caused by recessional glacial lake outbursts at Nang-tse and Phu-tse glacier. According to Joseph T. Gergan, a glacial scientist at Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, these are the sources of water supply to Leh town. The fast melting glaciers’ in the Changthang area are pouring into the famous Pangong lake, which lies partly in India and the rest in Tibet. The overflowing waters recently submerged the roads adjacent to the long shore of the lake, which then needed to be rebuilt. Communities settled along the Indus belt areas have their own woes to tell. Water canals in Chushot, Choglamsar, Spituk and Phey villages are stretching further upstream to access the rapidly receding waters of the Indus River. “We had to build fresh canals to draw water further up from the Indus as one of the three courses of the river along our village has completely gone dry,” said Mohd. Sadiq, Goba of Chushot village. “There was not a single drop in our stream last summer,” said Tsering Angdus, an elderly villager in Phey . He remembered those days when snow was knee-high everywhere, which lasted the whole winter. “Today you don’t get to see any snow”, Angdus lamented. The dwindling water has forced communities in Shun village, Lungnag valley in the remote Zanskar region decide to shift base from their traditional land. They now inhabit Darcha on Leh-Manali road, a difficult trek of several days from their ancestral village. At Phu-tse glacier the breaching point where the lake was formed due to melting is apparent. So is the larger lake at the snout of Khardong la glacier. Disturbing signs which point to the fact that the seemingly solid glaciers are in the process of melting. The burgeoning water problem, meanwhile, has been taking up the attention of the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council (LAHDC), the principal body of policy implementation in the region. In a letter to Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, Tsewang Rigzin Councillor of Diskit constituency of Nubra valley, has suggested a tunnel be built across Khardong la pass. This would divert the flow of the north-facing glaciers towards Leh town. It would prevent water going down its natural incline from Shayok river of Nubra valley. Chering Dorjey, Chief Executive Commissioner, LAHDC, Leh is concerned about the depleting underground water sources and has mooted a Water Supply Scheme to lift water from the Indus river. More and more villages like Taru, Phey, Nang, Stagmo and Sakti in Ladakh, facing water scarcity are now building reservoirs under Watershed and Haryali schemes. Mr Gergan, who has studied the issue, believes that the numerous moraines created by the glacial melt could work as small, manageable check dams to preserve water as well as rejuvenate the springs. In several countries like Switzerland, artificial covers from sun are provided. Artificial glaciers along side hills protect the original glacier and preserve the vast stretch of permafrost. In Ladakh, such steps would be a boon, a much-required action to protect its precious natural water reserves , the life-giving resource for its people. Charkha Features |
|
Chatterati
So was there a message of sorts in Indore as large posters, banners and hoardings of almost every BJP leader appeared all over the town? Varun Gandhi’s face was prominent while Atal Bihari Vajpayee, L.K. Advani, Nitin Gadkari, Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitely appeared together or separately at each street corner. Shivraj Singh Chouhan was there too. But the one leader missing from this galaxy of stars was Narendra Modi. There are some people in the RSS who want to anoint Varun Gandhi as the BJP’s Uttar Pradesh president. The objections are from a couple of senior leaders from the BJP. They have an issue with Varun’s attitude. Rahul’s hardwork in Uttar Pradesh has put the party’s political think tank in a spot. Some say that projecting Varun would consolidate Rahul Gandhi’s position for sure. For his part, Varun apparently has already started his “campaign” by badmouthing everyone -- from Sharad Pawar to Mayawati to his own Gandhi clan. That’s fine for the BJP leaders as long as Varun does not target them. After all, we are all familiar with Varun’s language and arrogance. Stephenians in trouble Shashi Tharoor is the third Stephenian after K.Natwar Singh and Mani Shankar Aiyar to get the boot from the Manmohan Singh government. Is it that the alumni of St. Stephen’s College do not gel with Team Manmohan for long? If that is the case, Tharoorgate is a warning sign for Virbhadra Singh, Salman Khurshid, Kapil Sibal, Jitin Prasad, RPN Singh, Sachin Pilot and Jyotiraditya Scindia -- all Stephenians. An SMS doing the rounds sums it up thus: “Yeh tha Tharoor ka saroor, mit gaya uska guroor. Hona tha isteefa manzoor, magar yeh hai uske college ka kusoor” (Tharoor was intoxicated by power. It has destroyed him. His resignation has to be accepted. His college is to be blamed). Lalu’s dilemma
The reality of his depleted numbers continues to creep up on RJD chief Lalu Prasad Yadav. This time the coming Rajya Sabha elections are giving him a headache. He can get only one candidate comfortably elected to the five seats falling vacant. Since the claimants are many, for a second seat he has to depend on the Congress, which does not want to be seen hobnobbing with him ahead of the assembly elections. His electoral partner, LJP chief Ram Vilas Paswan, with just 12 members in the assembly is even worse off. Now the grapevine has it that Lalu is toying with the idea of urging Paswan to get the Congress to back him so that he can oblige a Muslim candidate as his party’s first choice. The danger, however, is that if Paswan is able to pull this off with the Congress, he may think he doesn’t need Lalu at all  |
|||
|
|
| HOME PAGE | |
Punjab | Haryana | Jammu & Kashmir |
Himachal Pradesh | Regional Briefs |
Nation | Opinions | | Business | Sports | World | Letters | Chandigarh | Ludhiana | Delhi | | Calendar | Weather | Archive | Subscribe | Suggestion | E-mail | |
T
