India ignores
education, health: Sen
NEW YORK, Oct 15 (IANS)
Economics Nobel laureate Amartya Sen has said the
basic problem with India is that it has ignored
education, health care and other aspects of "social
opportunity building."
At a hurriedly-called
press conference here after the announcement of the Nobel
Prize, Sen said in Indias case the problem was not
with the pace or process of opening up the economy
which he noted was not fast paced but "the
continued neglect of education and aspects of social
opportunity building."
"The question is:
what is the overall programme which includes opportunity
building on which market expansion can be built?" he
said.
India and Pakistan, Sen
said, had neglected education, health care and land
reform "in a truly regrettable way and that means
that when the economies opened up, a lot of people are
not able to compete in the global world."
While conceding that the
process of globalisation was inevitable, Sen felt it can
be a "major force for good" only when
"adequately backed by national policies."
Sen (64), whose award was
announced in the early hours of yesterday, is in New York
to give a United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
lecture today.
Sen, formerly at Harvard
but now Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, his alma
mater, said he was "particularly happy" that
the Nobel committee in Stockholm had identified his early
work at Delhi University on social choice and welfare
economics.
This years economics
award is particularly significant as it gives recognition
to Sens contributions to "welfare
economics" rather than to mechanisms of
international finance and investment as in the last two
years.
Sen has also worked
closely with the UNDP in constructing the concepts behind
the annual human development report. "The concept of
human development is deeply rooted in Professor
Sens work," said Gustave Speth, chief of UNDP.
"It goes beyond
looking at economic growth as the sole indicator of a
nations progress and looks also at the expansion of
peoples choices and their capacity to live long,
healthy, knowledgeable and satisfying lives."
While the 1943 Bengal
famine fuelled the fire of his inquiring mind, Sen said
his stint at the Delhi School of Economics was among his
most rewarding.
The Bengal-born economist
reminisced at length the effects that the 1943 famine had
on him as a nine-year-old child when he witnessed the
sudden appearance of emaciated hordes of people who died.
"It touched me personally its a very
shaking experience about society," he said. "It
made me think about the politics of human society,
specifically about what causes famines."
He wrote for the school
newspaper about how there was no food shortage and yet
people were dying.
"Famine is a very
divisive phenomenon," Sen emphasised, clarifying
that on the outside, barely 10 per cent of people are
affected by a famine and closer to 3 to 5 per cent are
particularly badly affected even though absolute numbers
may be large. Famines did not depend on food supply but
rather on the purchasing power of the people, he said.
"If you reflect on
countries having famines currently, these are countries
without a democratic government," he said, adding he
was sorry to see his predictions of 16 years ago coming
true.
He quoted the example of
China where during the Great Leap Forward which went
awry, between 1958 and 1962 some ten million died each
year while the government was misinformed due to local
administrations efforts to cover up famine
conditions.
"There were no
elections, no media," he said. "The rulers had
no incentive to change it. In this case it was not so
much greed but political dogmatism," he said about
Chinas failure to reverse the Great Leap policy. He
characterised the absence of democracy as a violation of
human economic rights as well.
Asked about the various
academic positions he held in his life, Sen fondly
recalled the Delhi School of Economics where he said
"I had some of my finest students" and the work
for which he is recognised by the Nobel committee was
done. "India is the place where there is a great
deal of good work" in this field, he said.
"Many of my best students are there, and my best
students students and their students, I am proud to
say."
Asked what he would do
with the prize money of close to one million dollars, Sen
said he had not given it any thought. When woken at his
hotel at 5 a.m., Sen said his immediate worry was that
one of his children was in trouble somewhere in the
world. But on hearing that he had been awarded the Nobel,
he relaxed and "when the news finally sunk in, I was
quite happy," he said in his usual understated
style.
Over the years, Sen has
spoken out on human rights issues and also focussed
attention on the statistical and very real disappearance
of girl children in developing countries like India and
China where parents prefer male children for social and
economic reasons. Considered one of the foremost minds in
economics, Sen was rumoured to be in the running for the
Nobel last year.
His areas of economics, he
noted, "are often neglected in media coverage and
yet are very important for social reasons," and
added that many of his colleagues were working on poverty
issues. The Nobel award, he said, "is a signal for
me that their works are also being honoured."
When people come to know
he is an economist, they occasionally ask him how they
should invest their money and "I say I havent
got a clue," Sen laughed.
The tall and lean
intellectual said it was true that some of the Nobel
awards in recent years had been concerned with other
economic issues such as finance which are
also important, "but there is another side to
economics and Im very pleased that they focussed on
that this year. So they are pointing to the fact that
economics is also concerned with the poor and the
underdog in society."
A considerable amount of
Sens early work of 20 years on social choice theory
is based on mathematical models.
"By analysing the
available information about different individuals
welfare when collective decisions are made, he (Sen) has
improved the theoretical foundation for comparing
different distributions of societys welfare and
defined new, and more satisfactory, indexes of
poverty," the Nobel Academy said in its release.
Sens work has
advanced the understanding of the economic mechanisms of
famines. Sen has also done significant research on
Keralas political economy and given a fresh look to
comparative studies of that state with East Asian and the
Chinese economies.
|