Warrior who led Sikh resistance

Captaining the Sikh community during the 18th century by organising them into jathas; leading them as the Akal Takht jathedar for 16 years; forming the Dal Khalsa; carving out a ‘misl’ or principality from Singhpura in present-day Tarn Taran — which was later expanded to Ropar — and fighting nearly 10 battles in his lifetime, Nawab Kapur Singh Virk is regarded as a major Sikh leader by historians.

Kapur Singh also mentored Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, who, in 1772, found the Kapurthala state and conquered the Red Fort in Delhi in 1783, along with Jassa Singh Ramgarhia and Baghel Singh.

Initially a prominent military leader, Kapur Singh emerged as a unifying figure for the Sikh community, which was facing oppression from the Mughals and local rulers during the 18th century — a time marked by heightened political instability in Punjab. His leadership was characterised by strategic military engagements and a focus on establishing a disciplined Sikh force.

Emphasising the need for a collective Sikh identity and governance, he laid the groundwork for future Sikh leadership. Under his guidance, the Dal Khalsa became not only a formidable military entity but also a socio-political force advocating for the rights and welfare of the Sikhs.

Kapur Singh’s military prowess and strategic vision helped solidify Sikh resistance, leading to greater cohesion within the community and setting the stage for future Sikh sovereignty in Punjab. He breathed his last on October 9, 1753, in Amritsar at the age of 56.