Travel: Hidden gem of Himachal

Parth Joshi

Nestled in the Kullu valley of Himachal Pradesh, the Great Himalayan National Park, or GHNP as it is commonly called, is a hidden treasure that offers a quiet retreat into nature. Spanning around 1,100 square kilometres, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a vibrant tapestry of flora and fauna, breathtaking landscapes and local culture. Despite being one of the smaller national parks, it is one of the most biologically diverse regions in the western Himalayas, making it a haven for nature lovers, trekkers and wildlife enthusiasts. The region comprises four major valleys — Tirthan, Sainj, Jiwa Nala and Parvati — each offering a glimpse into its ecological treasures. The landscapes range from dense coniferous forests to alpine meadows with gushing rivers cutting through narrow gorges.

Among its most celebrated residents are the elusive Snow Leopard, the Himalayan Serow, the Himalayan Brown Bear and the endangered Western Tragopan, of which the park holds one of the highest populations globally. Birdwatchers will find themselves in paradise, as GHNP is home to a variety of pheasants, including the Himalayan Monal, Cheer Pheasant and Koklass Pheasant. The park’s high-altitude meadows and dense forests also support a diverse array of other bird species, making it a must-visit destination for avian enthusiasts.

The park’s designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014 is a testament to its ecological significance and the success of conservation efforts. Once threatened by overgrazing and unregulated extraction of resources like wood and medicinal plants, GHNP was declared a protected area in 1999, with the involvement of local communities. This participatory conservation approach has allowed the park’s biodiversity to flourish, ensuring that this natural treasure is preserved for future generations.

For adventure seekers, GHNP offers a variety of trekking and camping opportunities. A unique aspect of trekking in this park is that in every valley, one encounters steep elevations while climbing through the treeline, and it is only after crossing that the trails become gentler.

Tirthan valley, a favourite among trekkers, is home to Tirthan river, which carves a narrow gorge through the valley. The trek from the village of Gushaini to Tirath, the river’s source, is a journey through some of the densest patches of undisturbed high-altitude vegetation.

For those seeking a more challenging adventure, the Jiwa Nala to Parvati valley crossover trek offers an eight-day exploration of the park’s rugged backcountry. It takes one through steep gorges, lush meadows, moraines and glaciers, all set against snow-capped peaks.

Another rewarding trek is Raktisar, the source of Sainj river. One passes through villages steeped in traditional architecture to remote and pristine valleys, culminating in expansive meadows full of flowers.

There are options for several shorter treks and day hikes. Porters and guides can be easily hired locally. Camping within the park offers a chance to experience true solitude, as there are very few commercially organised treks in the region here. Visitors can also try their hand at angling, with guides available to teach the basic techniques and assist in locating the best fishing spots.

Accommodation options inside the park are limited, with a few huts built by the Forest Department. However, the surrounding villages have plenty of homestays that provide an authentic experience of local hospitality. Often run by local families, these offer a chance to experience the region’s cuisine, and way of life. Freshwater trout, caught from nearby rivers and streams, is a local delicacy that one must try during their stay.

One particularly charming village is Shangarh in the Sainj valley. Known for its expansive meadows, traditional wooden temples and stunning mountain views, Shangarh offers a unique opportunity to experience the slow-paced life of a Himachali village. Chehni Kothi, a 17th-century wooden fortress located in Chehni village, is a perfect example of the kathkuni style of architecture endemic to the western Himalayas, known for its resilience to earthquakes.

GHNP’s appeal lies in its ability to enchant visitors all-year-round. Spring and summer bring a burst of colour as wildflowers bloom, and the forests come alive with the sounds of birds and wildlife. Monsoon paints the landscape in various hues of green, while autumn offers clear skies and crisp air, perfect for trekking and spotting wildlife. During winter, the park transforms into a snowy wonderland, with valleys and peaks blanketed in snow.

Unlike many other mountain destinations, GHNP is yet to be touched by mass tourism and the destruction of nature and culture that accompanies it.

As one explores its pristine landscapes and experiences the warmth of the local community, it feels like a journey back in time when life was simple, yet fulfilling.