Demchok on LAC crucial due to its proximity to Aksai Chin region

Demchok, a strategically critical location on the southeastern edge of Ladakh along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), is one of the areas where India and China reached a breakthrough on October 21 to resolve a long-standing deadlock over patrolling points. Known for being among the remotest hamlets in India, Demchok holds immense military and geopolitical significance.

Historical context

During the 1962 Sino-Indian conflict, Demchok was the site of one of the key battles. Over the past decade, the area has witnessed frequent Chinese incursions and confrontations between Chinese and Indian troops. The heavy military presence on both sides of the LAC has led to several face-offs related to patrolling, grazing rights for local shepherds and the construction of infrastructure.

Strategic significance

For India, maintaining control over Demchok is vital for several reasons. First, the area’s proximity to the Indus River makes it crucial for water security and irrigation, not just for Ladakh but for large parts of northern India. The valley through which the Indus flows provides a natural route for both India and China into each other’s territories. The terrain around Demchok also offers the possibility of mechanised military operations, with both flatlands and mountainous areas interspersed with riverine formations, creating operational complexities.

The ability to effectively surveil Chinese movements in the southern Aksai Chin region further enhances Demchok’s strategic importance. Controlling this area allows India to monitor any potential Chinese incursions, as the valley opens up into expansive plains on the Indian side of the LAC.

Geographic challenges

Reaching Demchok from Leh, about 300 km away, takes around seven hours. The route passes through Hanle, home to India’s highest space observatory, and then crosses the Umling La Pass, the world’s highest motorable road at an elevation of 19,024 feet. The descent from Umling La leads into the Demchok Plains along the Indus River, where Indian Army posts and bunkers are positioned.

Across the river lies Chinese-controlled territory, where surveillance cameras and military installations, including a watchtower and a dome-shaped post, can be observed. The Charding Nullah, a stream that flows into the Indus downstream from Demchok, defines the LAC in this sector. Alongside the nullah, a Chinese road facilitates vehicle movement. On the Indian side, a similar track leads to a natural geyser located in rocky terrain.

Military presence

Demchok is home to fewer than 100 inhabitants, mostly shepherds and nomads who graze their livestock in the lower plains along the Indus. An Indian Army post is co-located with the village, providing a strategic base for monitoring and protecting the area. On the Chinese side, a small village, also called Demchok, houses single-story buildings and military infrastructure, with occasional vehicles and military personnel visible.

The recent agreement between India and China on resolving the deadlock in Demchok is significant, as this region had previously been a sticking point in negotiations.

Witnessed significant Chinese incursions

• The area has witnessed significant Chinese incursions and confrontations with Indian troops over the past decade
• The Indus River valley provides both sides with potential ingress routes, making control over Demchok vital for surveillance and military operations
• Recent breakthroughs in negotiations signal progress in resolving the stand-off, with Demchok being a focal point in the broader Sino-Indian border dispute