Past participle and future tense
In days long gone by, we owned nail cutters with 'Made in Japan' etched on the reverse side. A little after, we got nail cutters emblazoned with ‘Made in England’ etchings. These were not efficient clippers of nails and usually fell apart rather quickly. Someone told me that England was an abbreviation of Eight Number Good Luck Agency New Delhi which manufactured poor quality nail cutters. No means of verification existed then or now. Recently, a relative visiting from the United States asked me if I required anything from China. When I queried excitedly if he had planned a trip to China en route to India , he said wryly that most things sold in the United States were manufactured in China.
The above paragraph is constructed entirely of verbs in the past tense. A time period that is over is termed as the past. Any action that has been completed in a time period (years, months, weeks, days, hours, yesterday, this morning, even the previous minute) is described through the past tense. The rules of grammar dictate that regular verbs in the present tense such as etch, emblazon, walk, take on the letters ‘ed’ to form the simple past tense.
Verbs which end with an 'e' such as create (d), trade (d), wade)d , change into past tense by the addition of the single letter ‘d.’ Verbs that end in ‘y’ such as cry, try, fry drop the ‘y’ and add on ‘ied’ to change into cried, tried and fried ( past tense). Say (said), pay (paid) are another variation.
Verbs ending in consonants such as stop, lap, plan, tar, repeat the consonant and add ‘ed’ (stopped, lapped, planned, tarred). The past tense of the verb prefer is’ preferred’ because of the stressed syllable ‘er.’ The absence of the stressed syllable in ‘cater’ gives us ‘catered’ (past tense with an ‘ed’).
The verb ‘being’ which takes the form ‘is’ (present tense singular) changes to ‘was’ (past tense (singular) while ‘are’ (present tense plural) changes into ‘were’ (past tense plural).
In the case of irregular verbs such as go (gone), make (made), sleep (slept), wake(woke), take (took) none of the rules above apply. These verb form changes must be understood through constant usage of the past tense.
This presents us with possibilities for the future. The mantra 'make in India' was recently offered on an international platform. 'Make in India’ is a clarion call, an imperative clause, in perfect tense. It demands that a certain action take place in the immediate future. India's past must be examined for a clearer picture.
The interrogative clause comes into play here to ask: Did we make anything in India ?” ( The verb ‘did’ is in past tense, so the verb ‘make’ remains unchanged.)
In order to express disbelief, the negative could be brought into use: “Didn't we make anything in India?”
Indians have made and manufactured a wide-ranging spectrum of goods for a very long time. Diverse handmade and machine-made items such as cloth, leather, metal, electrical and electronic goods as well as inexpensive generic medicines are credited to India. Can we ensure that what India produces will continue to be made in the future? This can be done through nourishing indigenous talent, facilitating infrastructure and ameliorating existing conditions for those whose labour has made India proud.