Vijay Diwas: Celebrating valour, liberation
Every year on December 16, India observes Vijay Diwas (Victory Day) to commemorate its decisive victory in the 1971 Indo-Pak War, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. This historic event not only reshaped the geopolitical map of South Asia but also marked a significant chapter in India’s military history.
The roots of the 1971 war lay in the political and ethnic turmoil in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The region, predominantly Bengali-speaking, faced severe economic and political discrimination from West Pakistan (now Pakistan). The situation escalated when Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, leader of the Awami League, won the 1970 general elections but was denied power. This led to widespread protests and brutal military crackdowns by the Pakistani army under Operation Searchlight, which targeted Bengali civilians, intellectuals and political activists. Millions of refugees fled to India, prompting a humanitarian crisis and necessitating Indian intervention.
On December 3, 1971, Pakistan launched pre-emptive airstrikes on Indian air bases, prompting India to declare war. Over the next 13 days, the Indian Armed Forces, in coordination with the Mukti Bahini (Bangladeshi freedom fighters), launched a swift and strategic campaign. Under the leadership of Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, India achieved a decisive victory. On December 16, Pakistani forces, led by Lt Gen AAK Niazi, surrendered to Indian forces in Dhaka, marking the birth of Bangladesh as an independent nation. This remains one of the swiftest military victories in modern history, with over 93,000 Pakistani soldiers taken as prisoners of war.
Vijay Diwas is not just a celebration of military success but also a reminder of India’s commitment to justice and humanitarian values. The war showcased India’s capability to respond decisively to aggression while standing up for oppressed populations. It also strengthened India’s position as a regional power and highlighted the importance of military preparedness and strategic diplomacy.
In Bangladesh, the day is observed as Victory Day, a national holiday commemorating their liberation. The shared history of December 16 emphasises the enduring bond between India and Bangladesh.
As the nation salutes the courage of its armed forces, Vijay Diwas serves as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made to uphold freedom and sovereignty. It instills a sense of unity and patriotism, inspiring future generations to honour and preserve the legacy of those who fought for justice and liberty.
