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Displacement and
Rehabilitation: Solutions for the Future
The 22 papers in the book are divided in two parts, namely issues on displacement and livelihood (13 papers) and rehabilitation policy and implementation issues with people's responses (nine papers). Mishra figures out some broader issues and challenges related to displacement and rehabilitation. Khumber, based on primary data collected from Kalahandi district of Orissa, explores displacement and its association with hunger and deprivation, with special focus on SCs/STs. Panda and Tripathy, in their analysis of Jharkhand and Orissa mines, point out displacement is a continuous process but no records of the displaced have been maintained. Sudan conducted a study of 905 households residing in three major displaced non-Kashmiri camps. He concludes that the impact of armed conflict-related displacement inevitably takes its toll on children's food, nutrition and schooling. They witness early age at marriage, poor access to health facilities, early employment for survival, unhealthy living conditions and so on. Swamy narrates case studies of Moolampilly island, near Cochin, wherein land belonging to 22 families was acquired for the construction of International Container Transshipment Terminal (ICTT) of Cochin Port and the natives were evicted without proper rehabilitation facilities. Sivaiah shares the findings of a 2003 micro-level study on rehabilitated Chenchu tribals of Andhra Pradesh whose lives showed some improvement compared to their past living pattern though a lot is required to be done still. Kar and Jena study the landlessness and the consequent marginalisation of the tribal families and the effectiveness of rehabilitation and resettlement in facilitating tribal mainstreaming in the resettlement colonies of the Mandira Dam Project of Sundargarh district of Orissa. In the second part of the volume, Majumder argues the juxtaposed role of the state and suggests safeguards in case of land acquisition for industrialisation. Mishra and Mishra argues that Land Acquisition Act, 1894, currently in operation, is an ill-conceived document implemented during the British regime. It does not properly define the term "public purpose" and "private purpose." Sahu confers on displacement a complex human right perspective and not merely an administrative issue. Vinita Pandey discuss special economic zone and details how development gives way to displacement. The land which is already concentrated in few hands, further gets accumulated in the hands of elite and resourceful due to SEZ, food processing, technology parks and for real estate. Most papers reveal the inadequacy of the present compensation and rehabilitation provisions. Further, National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 remains to be converted into an Act of Parliament to safeguard the interest of oustees. The book gives useful insight into the issues arising out of development induced displacement and may serve as a useful tool for students engaged in such studies.
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THE
book is based on the
outcome of an international conference at the Department of Humanities
and Social Sciences, NIT, Rourkela in November 2010. It lists the
impact of development-induced displacement.