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Irises can be planted in beds, rockeries or a garden, says Kiran Narain
Iris (fam. Iridaceae) derives its name from the Greek word for rainbow. Largely found in the temperate zone, they are called the "poor man’s orchids" due to their resemblance to orchids. It is said the Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III (1501 B.C to 1447 B.C) was intrigued when he saw irises during his conquest of Syria and brought the plant home with him for more merits than its beauty alone. All irises are not true bulbs, but are generally listed in bulb catalogues. They may be bulbous, tuberous or rhizomatous. They have sword-like leaves and lovely flowers with three erect petals (standards) and three outer reflexed petals (falls), which come in an array of colours and markings. Flowering from May to July in the hills and March and April in the plains, irises look attractive in beds, rockeries, border or naturalised in a wild garden. Japanese irises are generally grown by the poolside or near streams. In Kashmir, local varieties in white, blue and purple shades are grown in abundance in graveyards, as it is believed that they keep the mice away. More than 200 kinds of wild irises grow in various parts of the world and have been intensively hybridised to bring various varieties for gardens. Bearded irises are generally more colourful species as these have been hybridised to a much greater extent to achieve a range of colours. They are available in heights ranging from the dwarf 10 inches to the tall 28 inches. These are hardy perennials mostly grown in cold climate and are unsurpassed for their utility in the hills for growth on slopes, which binds the soil in the bargain. The flowering period may extend from mid-April to June, depending on varieties and the weather. They are good for cutting. The Japanese use them for their Boys’ Festivals arrangements due to their sword-like foliage. Irises are not very particular about soil requirement but they must have a good drainage and plenty of sunshine. Bone meal may also be added to the soil. Propagated by dividing the established stocks, it is wiser to select a healthy portion of the rhizome and plant it at level with the surface, spreading old roots at an angle of 45`BA on either side so as to anchor till new roots grow. Ideally, a double planting hole with ridge down the centre will facilitate the process. Trim back leaf fan to six inches and give a little dressing of super phosphate. Iris Kaempheri or Japanese irises require moist, lime-free sunny position and are grown by the poolside or along a stream. It has broad and flat-headed flowers of varied shares both in single and semi-double form. Bulbous irises have Dutch, Spanish and English types, with narrow foliage and one to two feet stems bearing blue, yellow and white flowers which are prized by florists for flower arrangements. The bulbs are planted during October and November in the plains. After flowering, the bulbs are generally dug up after the leaves start yellowing. Put them in a dry airy place in shade and store for the next season.
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