Focus on women’s issues
Rajesh Kumar Aggarwal
Urban Women in Contemporary India
Ed. Rehana Ghadially. Sage Publications. Pages 372. Rs 595.

This book offers a package of 23 papers divided into six main sections namely 'Re-constructing gender in the globalisation and culture', 'Violence which includes dowry-murders, domestic violence, sexual harassment at workplaces, and empowerment approaches to such violence', 'Media and the women's concerns', 'Non-liberal globalisation and its influence on women', 'Information and communication technologies and women empowerment, politics and political participation' along with an introduction by the editor. Nineteen out of 23 papers included in this volume are reproduced from different journals.

The section on gender reconstruction includes four papers. Meenakshi Thapan examines the question of gender identity in relation to familiar and socio-cultural factors. The ethnographic study by Derne and Jadwin brings out the likely influence on Hindi filmgoers' gaze for constructing the objectification of women. U. Vindhya attempts to highlight the implications of women's involvement with strident right wing ideologies like that of the Sangh Parivar. Shamita Das Dasgupta evaluates the success that immigrants have achieved in instilling Indian cultural views in their children with particular focus on attitude towards women, dating and anxiety.

In the section on violence, Jane Rudd covers issues on dowry deaths and examines the traditional and modern dowry system. The article on domestic violence shows the work done by Vimochana, a women's organisation in Bangalore, to assist the victims of such violence. Vibhuti Patel covers some of the issues relating to sexual harassment at the workplace and article by Venonica Magar lists the working of mahila panchayats or women's courts in Delhi slums, as an empowerment approach to gender-based violence.

Media (magazines, films and television) has provided women opportunity for a level-playing field. Malika Das examines the portrayal of men and women in Indian advertisements, while Rashmi Luthra analyses media to stop sex-selective foeticides. Ramasubramanian and Oliver portray sexual violence in some popular Hindi films and list their impact on men's behaviour. Another paper from the Centre for Advocacy and Research in Delhi traces the phenomenon growth of satellite television, women-oriented soap operas, and their impact on conscious and material level.

The section on non-liberal globalisation includes a study of Miss World beauty pageant in 1996 wherein Rupal Oza brings out the contrasts between globalisation pressures on the one hand, and maintaining local identities and culture on the other. Sharmila Rege shows the importance of integrating gender into the discourse on globalisation. Rita Bhattacharya examining the trends in women's employment points out that women work participation is rising but the opportunities fall short of expectations.

The section on information and communication technologies covers four papers by Ashima Goyal, Haseloff and Ghadially, Umrani and Ghadially and Shoba Arun, Heeks and Morgan which discuss different aspects related to digital divide, use of cyber cafes, access to technology and their impact on women's employment, income, social and economic status and overall empowerment.

The last section deals with the politics and political participation. Sikata Banarjee illustrates how despite a masculine image of the nation, women have managed to create space for themselves in public and political life. Leela Kasturi outlines the history of women's struggle and discusses the impact of women's reservation through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.

Though the book covers many aspects pertaining to urban women, some concerning issues particularly connected to health, nutrition and social security of women have been missed out.





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