In time with the toons

Which are the cartoons that strike a chord in the viewers and why, asks Jonathan Brown

Recently named history’s greatest cartoon by Channel 4, beating Tom and Jerry, Bugs Bunny and Mickey Mouse, The Simpsons occupies a unique place in global popular culture. Blisteringly satirical, funny, intelligent and political, it is also stupendously popular. Its creators hope that it will run until 2009, completing 20 network seasons to become the longest-running entertainment programme on US television. A feature-length movie is also planned.

The Simpsons has been named history’s greatest cartoon beating Tom and Jerry which has earned seven Academy Awards

The characters, Homer, Marge, Bart and Lisa began life 18 years ago drawn by Matt Groening and named after members of his family. It was destined as a filler on the Tracey Ullman show. Since then, there have been more than 330 episodes. Fox’s number one show about lives of the blue-collar, middle American family have been screened in more than 90 countries and earned 1.4bn a year for Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation. Murdoch has even "appeared" on the show, playing, naturally enough, a ruthless billionaire businessman. Among previous animated guests have been Elizabeth Taylor, Sting, Tony Blair and Tom Jones.

Its cartoon format has allowed it to challenge race, religion and politics in a way that would never be tolerated in real-life comedy.

William Hanna and Joseph Barbera’s tale of internecine struggle between a murderous cat and his long-suffering victim-cum-tormentor mouse, Tom and Jerry has earned seven Academy Awards. Their relentlessly violent, racially dubious animations accompanied some of MGM’s most celebrated releases. The two artists learnt their trade during the Depression era, and were brought together at the studio’s legendary animation unit before World War II. The first film, Puss Gets the Boot, was released in 1940, with Tom called Jasper and a nameless Jerry. They were accompanied by the haunting music of Scott Bradley. A further 161 titles followed which can be divided into three periods. Gene Deitch faced the unenviable task of taking over from Hanna-Barbera in 1960 and he was succeeded by Chuck Jones between 1963 and 1967. Tom and Jerry won their first Oscar for the patriotic 1943 war-time shot, Yankee Doodle Mouse. Their last came in the 1953. Johann Mouse, which set the traditional chases and fights to waltz time. There was critical acclaim when the duo danced with Gene Kelly in Anchors Away and Invitation to Dance. They also teamed up with Esther Williams in the film Dangerous When Wet. Hanna-Barbera went on to create more than 2,000 characters after Tom and Jerry. They gave the world Quick Draw McGraw, Top Cat, Yogi Bear, Scooby-Doo, The Flintstones and The Smurfs.

Approaching its ninth network series in the US, with global television deals, a merchandising empire and an Oscar-nominated film, it now seems hard to think that South Park began life in the nerd world of Internet film. In 1996, The Spirit of Christmas, the story of four foul-mouthed boys from the Colorado town of South Park, was created for a Fox executive to send as a video Christmas card. Made on a budget of just $2,000, Matt Stone and Trey Parker’s show depicting a battle between Jesus and Santa Claus over the ownership of Christmas, was never shown on television. After achieving cult status on the Internet, the cable TV network Comedy Central offered the animators their own show. The first episode, Cartman Gets an Anal Probe, was screened in 1997. The stars are Stan, the group’s leader voiced by Parker, who vomits when he talks to a girl; his best friend and the butt of all jokes, Kyle, voiced by Stone; Cartman, whose "mother" is an over-sexed hermaphrodite; and Kenny, who is normally killed during each episode. US political pundits have identified a new breed of "South Park Republicans": Twentysomething males who favour rampant libertarianism over liberal sensitivities. Ironically, Parker and Stone’s latest offering Team America: World Police was condemned by many on the right for its "anti-Americanism".

Toy Story

Pixar’s 1995 Toy Story bridged the gap between children’s and adults’ cinema-going habits. With its fast-pace, humorous dialogue and state-of-the-art computer graphics, it made a family visit to the movies fun. At the heart of Toy Story was Woody the cowboy, whose role as head honcho in six-year-old Andy’s toy cupboard is usurped by the arrival of a Buzz Lightyear doll. Woody is embroiled in a race against time to save his spaceman rival after he causes him to fall out of the window. Admirers have praised the film’s values of loyalty and friendship, which refrained from straying too far into the schmaltzy Hollywood cliche zone.
The follow-up four years later, while more technically accomplished, lacked the soul of the original. A third film is expected this year. However, Disney is said to be working without Pixar. The companies created seven blockbusters, including Finding Nemo and The Incredibles, during a 10-year relationship and grossed $3bn in ticket sales, plus millions more in merchandising.

Family Guy

Like the Simpsons, Family Guy originated from the mighty corporate stable of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation, depicting a less-than savoury view of modern American family life. Unlike its inspiration, it was axed after two years as audiences dwindled. It broke little new ground. The father, Peter Griffin, a toy factory inspector from Rhode Island, is mis-married to upper-class Lois. Their eldest child is teenage misfit Meg whose hankering for collagen implants does nothing to improve her popularity with the boys. Her brothers are the gullible skater boy Chris, and killer tot Stewie, who is bent on world domination. First screened in 1999, Family Guy has won a clutch of awards, including two Emmys. Family Guy has earned a reprieve in the US where box-set sales of DVDs reached three million last year. The first series was also watched by significant audiences on the internet. It will now return to the network screen in May. — The Independent

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