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| Wednesday,
May 7, 2003, Chandigarh, India
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Row over transfer of surplus teachers Chandigarh, May 6 The controversy is as to who should be declared surplus and what criteria should be followed to identify the teachers to be transferred. The government says that seniormost teachers should be transferred. However, a section of the senior teachers say that the junior teachers posted against non-existing posts should be transferred. Senior teachers were not at fault as they had been posted against the sanctioned posts. |
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JET to be held on June 1 Chandigarh, May 6 To help students, the Board has also come out with a Comprehensive JET Refresher Examination 2003 book, which has been revised as per the new format. |
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SCHOOL WORLD
EVER wondered how to come back n ground every time you jump or why every object left unsupported falls to earth? This is because the earth exerts a force on every object which pulls it towards its centre. This force is called gravity. In fact, the force of gravity acts between any two bodies of matter. The force of gravity is the force of attraction between any two masses. All masses are attracted to each other by the force of gravity. The greater the mass, the greater its gravity. For example, of all of the bodies in the Solar System, the Sun has by far the greatest gravity because the Sun has by far the greatest mass. The closer the mass, the stronger its gravity. For example, the gravity of the Sun exerts the greatest force on its nearest planet (Mercury), the second greatest force on its second nearest planet (Venus), and the third greatest force on its third nearest planet (Earth) - and so on. Gravity is the weakest force. It is so weak force that we can only measure the gravity of very massive bodies. So, while you'll notice the gravity between yourself and the Earth, you won't notice the gravity between yourself and an object lying in a room. Gravity, like other forces, is measured in Newtons (N). The Earth exerts a gravitational force of about 10 newtons for every kilogram of mass on its surface. |
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Formula: Gravitational Force F = [G x M x m] / R2 where: F is Gravitational force, M is mass of larger body, m is mass of smaller body, R is the distance in meters
between the centers of
the bodies, and G is Universal gravitational
OR 0.0000000000667Mm2/Kg2 Example: Calculate the
gravitational force between two objects of mass 100 grams (0.1 Kg) placed at a distance of 100 cm (0.1 meters). F = [G x M x m] / R2 = 6.67 X 10-11 x 0.1 x 0.1 0.1 x 0.1 = 6.67 X 10-11N
Discovery of Gravity It is said that seeing an apple fall of a tree made the famous scientist Issac Newton realise that the force of gravity that pulled the apple to Earth also kept the Moon orbiting the Earth. This led him to develop the Law of Universal Gravitation. This explains how the combination of the Moon’s forward movement and the pull of the Earth’s gravity causes the Moon to revolve abound the Earth just as all planets revolve around the sun. Other Situations & Related Concepts
Acceleration of gravity: Because mass affects both gravity and the resistance to accelerate, all objects end up falling at the same rate. Gravity on Earth: At our distance from the Earth's center, using the mass of the Earth, we get an acceleration of 9.8 m/s2. Around other objects:
The laws of motion and gravity hold for any body around any gravitational center of attraction, even asteroids, binary stars and galaxies. Satellites:
Larger orbits have longer periods; e.g., geosynchronous ones [42,000 km], or 90 minutes for the Shuttle. New concept:
The escape velocity from a center of attraction [11 km/s from the Earth's surface]. Tides on Earth: Every 12 hours, due to the Moon (and the Sun, so we get enhanced spring tides at full and new moon, and reduced neap tides). Consequences:
The Earth's rotation rate is slowing down (by 1 day every 50,000 years!), and the distance to the Moon increasing. Other tides:
Our Moon's rotation (and that of other moons in the Solar System) became locked to its revolution; Extreme cases near black holes; Pairs of galaxies in which tides seem to enhance star formation... Effects of gravitational encounters:
Capture or slingshot effect by energy transfer [but gravity-even black holes-does not "suck in" anything!]. Use of the third law of motion:
Calculate masses from sizes of orbits and periods; e.g., Jupiter and its moons, Sirius A and B; asteroid Ida and its satellite. Motion around the center of mass:
If both objects move, we can notice the presence of one even if we only see the other one... |
Street play keeps audience in splits Chandigarh, May 6 The play full of acid humour points at a situation that ranges right from cross-country terrorism to Bollywood ‘masala’. As the cast attired in black kurtas moved to the beat of the dholak enacting the scenes , the audience went into peels of laughter. The play was directed by Puneet Khanna and Ravi Yuvraj Panthi and music composed by Rochak Kohli. The sequences were choreographed by Ayushmann Khurrana while the cast included Ankur Sharma, Ayushmann, Charandeep Singh, Jaiveer Singh, Pradeep Sharma, Prashant Parmar, Rochak, Ravish Kesvani, Udai Bhanu, Vikas Sharma and Sacchidananda Angom. The play was recently staged at IIT, Mumbai, and adjudged the best street play in the national contest.  |
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YOUTH LIFE &
STYLE SUMMER
is here. Hot weather requires a complete change in dress code
wardrobe. For working women, the dress has to be simple, cool and
comfortable. And one must plan advance how to face the day. Every
woman who works in an office has been there. She wakes up in the
morning, realizes she’s got that big meeting or client appointment,
rummages through her closet, but can’t find a thing to wear. Or
she suddenly remembers it’s dress-down Friday and doesn’t have the
time to assemble a creative casual outfit. That’s where the basics
come in. According to designers of the US-based Cotton Gold Allaince (CGA).,
dressing for work has never been easier for women who’ve got the
following 10 classic items in their wardrobe. From the perfect white
shirt to a pair of take-me-anywhere shoes, they observed in an
interaction with TNS, these are the staples that do double-duty for
most females. These essentials exude confidence, easily match with
other fashion items, and can be dressed up or down with a switch of
accessories. And they go from workday to weekend in a snap. And best of all? They never go out of style. The
perfect black skirt The
black skirt is a wardrobe staple every woman must have in her closet.
A slim, above-the-knee version looks classic, no matter what it’s
paired with, and flatters most figures. A bias-cut style, for
instance, in a versatile knee length, will add a feminine touch to
even the most corporate work wardrobes, and can be dressed down with a
more casual top. An on-trend belt added to a basic skirt will give it
a more upbeat, fashion look. Flattering
black pants There’s
nothing more essential than black pants. Black pants are slimming and
versatile and go with almost everything. A slim, boot-cut variety
looks great with everything from boots to heels. Black pants can be
worn with a man-tailored button-down shirt to the office, a sheer
blouse for a night on the town, or with a pair of sneakers to pick up
the kids after school. They’re seasonless too. For the cooler
months, a flare-leg style in a comfortable black matte jersey works
best, while an ankle length is perfect for spring and summer. A
black turtleneck The black turtleneck is one top that is a wardrobe must-have. For winter, a form-fitting version with long sleeves can flatter a pair of boot-cut pants or an A-line skirt. In spring or summer, a sleeveless turtleneck looks sleek and polished at the office (and combats air conditioning-induced chill). A cardigan thrown around the shoulders gives a new look altogether. Women can use a variety of accessories, from a print scarf to a string of pearls, to dress this top up or down, creating a fresh and individual look. A
twin set This year-round
wardrobe staple always looks clean and finished, and you don’t have
to think too much about it. The cardigan and shell can be worn
together or separately. The twin set is also perfect for women who
live in erratic climates; the cardigan can be worn when the weather
turns chillier, and removed when the temperature climbs. And it’s
versatile too. Paired with a tank top, the button-down outer layer
takes a more casual turn, while a sparkly choker can dress up the
shell for a client dinner. The
classic white shirt The classic white shirt always looks crisp, polished and sophisticated. What would a working woman do without it? Designers suggest that every closet contain at least two, one fitted and the other a formal silhouette. A tailored style looks great with everything from suits to jeans. A white shirt with interesting cuffs and a collar can act as a stand-alone piece and be substituted for a jacket. For an instant update, add punch with accessories such as
jewellery or a scarf. A great white cotton shirt always looks appropriate and works day through night. A
pantsuit A pantsuit adds
instant authority and easy elegance to every woman’s wardrobe. It
may be worn with a classic white shirt and pumps for the boardroom, or
with a tank top and Sabrina heels for a more relaxed look. Women
should look for a jacket cut in a style that looks best on their body
type, and in a colour that complements most of the separates in their
closet. Also to look for — seasonless fabrics that won’t wrinkle
easily. The
right jacket Every woman
needs one great jacket that she can wear with jeans, slacks or a
skirt. It doesn’t have to be a blazer, either — it also can be a
shapely jacket in an interesting silhouette. A high-quality casual
jacket or topper, in denim or an outerwear fabric, is perfect for more
laidback office environments, but still looks professional when worn
with a nice pair of trousers or over a dress. A
feminine blouse The
feminine blouse is one basic that allows women to show off their
individual style. Whether it’s a bell-sleeve silhouette in a new
print or a ruffled button-down style, a versatile blouse can enliven
almost any outfit. A softer blouse can add a little femininity to any
outfit, especially a suit. Later, the jacket can be removed for a chic
nighttime look. The
little black dress Every woman should own one great, basic black dress in a high-quality fabric. The simple cut, above-the-knee sheath is comfortable and looks well on a variety of body types. While professional enough to wear to the office, this basic is also easily dressed up or down, depending upon the occasion. A fitted jacket in a brighter
colour will make you stand out in a crowd, while a more conservative one will add polish and show that you mean business. Accessories Accessories
can go a long way to creating a more versatile wardrobe. Shoes should
be of high quality and of the pump or loafer variety with moderate
height heels. Ankle or mid-calf boots under pants are appropriate and
create a more fluid line. Keep jewelry such as necklaces, earrings and
bracelets simple and subtle, in designs chosen to reflect your
personal style. A slim black belt in smooth or textured leather is an
absolute necessity. And don’t forget scarves — they can add just
the right amount of flair and interest to any outfit. |
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New trends City
Beautiful is going mod too. It is becoming home to some of the best brands in clothes, watches, wines and food etc The old markets, painstaking designed by Le Corbusier are undergoing a
metomorphisis. A visit to some of the upmarket show rooms in Sector 17 reveal the extent of change. Now this trend is catching on in shopping centres in other sectors too. The new international style watch store, Ethos , (see above ) is a case in point. Some of the best watch brands in the world are available here. |
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