Monday,
April 21, 2003
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Feature |
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Watch out! You are
being monitored
Andy Sullivan
Bill Brown points out some of the hundreds of surveillance cameras looking at public areas like the sidewalks of New York. Brown and a group of performers called the Surveillance Camera Players give walking tours and hold signs to alert the public they are being watched. The walking tour was part of the 13th Annual Conference on Computers, Freedom and Privacy held in New York.
— Reuters photo |
BILL
Brown stands in the middle of a crowded Manhattan sidewalk, gesturing
obscenely toward the sky. "You’ve got no right to do this! I
think you’re a coward!" he shouts at a video camera staring back
at him from four stories up.
Unusual behaviour for a
New York tour guide, but Brown is offering a view of the city that few
visitors or natives see. His "Video Surveillance Tour of
Manhattan" scans rooftops, storefronts and utility poles for some
of the thousands of surveillance cameras perched across the city.
On this tour, he doesn’t
have to look hard to find them. Brown has so far discovered eight other
cameras within steps of the midtown hotel where the tour started, and he
has mapped a total of 239 in the neighbourhood. Like an avid bird
watcher, Brown points each one out and almost lovingly describes its
capabilities and limitations.
At the corner of 34th
Street and 8th Avenue, a futuristic globe mounted next to
streetlights keeps an eye on traffic. Across the street, a ‘Webcam’
posts images of the street to the Internet. Half a block away, a small
tube poking out of the side of a building scans patrons entering a Wendy’s
restaurant, as well as pedestrians walking by, with infrared,
heat-vision technology to cut through fog and rain.
"What do they need
that for? I think they’re paranoid," Brown says. It’s a charge
he’s heard more than a few times himself. With a single-minded vision,
Brown has led weekly video-surveillance tours of Manhattan
neighbourhoods since November 2000, pointing out the locations of the
police and private security cameras and questioning whether they do any
good.
Brown conducts the free
tours for the Surveillance Camera Players, a seven-year-old New York
group that protests against the cameras in public places.
The cameras are a clear
violation of privacy, Brown maintains, enabling hidden voyeurs to peek
down women’s blouses, pinpoint "suspicious" young men, and
track citizens going about their daily business.
They do little to deter
crime, he says, because law-enforcement agencies have decided it is not
cost-effective to staff monitoring centres, and private businesses are
more interested in deterring employee theft and documenting accidents
for insurance purposes.
"The idea that
someone is watching in real time and can stop a rape, a robbery or a
murder has been completely abandoned," he says.
No matter their
effectiveness, the cameras are unlikely to come down any time soon.
Downtown Chicago boasts an
average of three surveillance cameras per block, while police in
Washington, D.C., have sought the ability to augment their surveillance
system by tapping into private cameras. Traffic cameras in London can
match licence-plate numbers with car owners, enabling police to easily
track drivers and automatically issue tickets for traffic violations.
In Manhattan, the New York
Civil Liberties Union counted 2,397 cameras in 1998, and Brown says the
number of cameras in high-profile spots like Times Square has tripled
since then.
Brown would like to see
laws requiring operators to buy licences or be forced to justify their
cameras before putting them up. But the first step, he says, is to raise
awareness through his weekly tours.
This afternoon, he wins at
least a few converts. Three passers-by lean in to hear his analysis of
the two cameras perched above a hotel entrance, then pick up handwritten
maps pointing out camera locations in the neighbourhood. Hector Cruz
says he finds the map troubling. "Our right of privacy and our
freedom of speech are going down the drain," he says.
His friend Hector Carrion
agrees, saying that police using surveillance cameras have mistaken a
handshake for a drug transaction. "The camera can’t see what’s
in your hand," he says.
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