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Astronomy offers career potential for those pursuing degrees in physics, geology, mathematics, computer sciences, chemical or mineral engineering, etc. Unlike earlier days when astronomers would spend hours sitting in front of telescope and noting down figures and then doing mathematical calculations, present astronomy has advanced to a great extent. New electronic equipment has been developed. These are light-gathering instruments that measure chemical composition and mass of stars, search planets around them and determine their age. Powerful computers are employed to simulate cosmic jets and the environment around black holes, galaxy collisions, etc. They are also used to devise mathematical theories on formation of galaxies. With computers, the observed images through telescopes are directly transferred to the computer screen. The scientists can study planets, comets and mysteries of universe through computer screen. Several arithmetical calculations required for measuring distances, mineral compositions, temperature and pressure conditions are also possible through specific software. Computers have become an essential tool among astronomers, as several recent astronomical discoveries have been made possible with their aid. In addition to astronomical research, computers software and computer-aided astronomical instruments are used for design, development and control of spacecrafts, satellites, etc. Computer professionals have scope of employment in spacecraft industry, in research and development, in teaching, etc. They provide support to scientists by developing application specific hardware products and related software for the same. They assist in the administration and maintenance of computer laboratory. They also develop software or multimedia products for education and training to the students and research scholars and working scientists. Most of these professionals are MCAs or engineers with computer background. However, depending upon the requirement, varying skills are required for computer professional. Some of the software products developed by computer professionals are — Astronomical Image Processing System, which is a software package that is used for calibration, data analysis, image display, plotting, and for variety of ancillary tasks on Astronomical Data. There are software for Image reduction and analysis of astronomical data, for display of stars and their mapping, etc. Programs have also been developed to create simulation of solar system and various constituents of our galaxy. Then there is software called Skydraw that helps in providing mapping of stars and their relative position with respect to Sun, moon, planets, etc. Starburst99 is another data analysis tool for professional scientists and helps to study synthetic properties of stars. Besides involved in design and development of specific software or hardware products, computer professionals are engaged in developing database of relevant astronomical information for amateur scientists. In India, research and development is being pursued at places like Chennai, Pune, Mumbai and Bangalore where large telescopic and other devices have been installed in observatories to study lights and other rays emitted from the stars. However, the major work on astronomy and astrophysics is being done in the USA where huge funds are being invested in research and development of tools and equipment in laboratories of NASA and astronomical research institutes. Those deciding for a career in this field should pursue mathematics or basic sciences at graduate level. However, exposure to computers is must for the professionals. Besides physics, mechanics, thermodynamics, professionals may also come from background in geology or chemistry. With supercomputers, astronomers simulate processes that were nearly impossible to study earlier. A thorough understanding of computer programming is essential for the prospective astronomers, especially those considering a specialty in theoretical astronomy. In addition, a good scientist must also have the ability to read and write clearly and to communicate well with people. In addition to the observatories and research institutions promoted by universities, there are a number of national observatories and research institutes where the professionals are employed. In the USA, career prospects are bright for professionals in research institutions and space industry. There are agencies like NASA, US Naval Observatory, National Astronomy & Ionosphere Centre, Space Telescope Science Institute, etc. Professionals trained in areas like instrumentation, remote sensing, computer applications are employed in aerospace industry also. Experts also work in planetariums or science museums, where the job requires sufficient astronomy knowledge and the ability to communicate clearly and effectively with the public. For both astronomy as well as astrophysics, background in mathematics and physics is essential. In India, postgraduate and research facilities are available in various institutes like IISC, Bangalore, IUAA, Pune, etc. The Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, funded Govt. of India also provides learning facilities to the prospective astronomers through its various observatories. Employment potential in India exists for professionals having engineering, science and computer background in organizations like ISRO and DRDO. The other institutes that offer a career in astronomy includes Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Physical Research Laboratory, Headband, Tate Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai. Astronomy is a highly
promising career, though it is meant only for those having interest in
research and development. There is a sufficient potential in India
because of huge resource of qualified professionals with mathematical
and analytical abilities. |
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