‘Geological studies can prevent landslides’

Arun Sharma remained State Geologist for a period of 11 long years. He was closely associated with framing the Mining Policy and undertaking of geological studies and surveys during his service. 

What is the reason for many parts of the state being prone to landslides, resulting in loss of life and property?

The mountain ranges in the state are the youngest, which frequently experience upheavals. This results in landslides, most often when there are heavy rains. Another major factor behind occurrence of landslides is the presence of faults and thrust plains, making such an area extremely prone to landslides.

Is the geological strata studied before any road is constructed to ensure that the area is not landslide prone?

This practice is not adopted, as the main consideration for the construction of a road is to provide road connectivity, irrespective of its vulnerability to landslides. In most cases, political considerations and catering to the needs of the villagers is the deciding factor. 

I am of the opinion that in case the geology of an area is examined, the villages and habitations can still be connected, though the alignment may have to be changed, and you will have to consider enhancement in cost, but this will provide stable roads where chances of landslides will be less.

What measures would your suggest to avert landslides?

The only solution is to construct roads which are on a more stable stratum, and for this geological studies will have to be made mandatory for road construction. The geology wing of the Industry and the Public Works Department will have to work in close coordination. 

The old Hindustan-Tibet road and the Shimla-Kalka road have been built on higher elevation, where chances of landslides are less. So, having roads at a slightly higher elevation also minimises the chances of slides. 

The Geological Survey of India and several other agencies keep providing data on landslide-prone areas, but unfortunately this data remains confined to files, gathering dust. Vital inputs given in these reports are not taken into consideration while planning to build roads or undertaking other development projects.