Monday,
July 14, 2003
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Feature |
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Hi-tech robots imitate
insects
T.V. Parasuram
TECHNOLOGICAL
advances unimaginable few years ago are now a reality with researchers
in the US working on devices like bullet-detecting radars and robots
which can climb walls and run over rough terrain, in an attempt to
combat hi-tech terrorist threats.
The Defence Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which is the Pentagon’s
"technological engine" responsible for preventing and creating
technological threats is studying vulnerabilities in US military system
and developing defences against them.
The new devices include
bullet-detecting radar and a robot that can climb walls.
In one of their efforts,
researchers are studying insects: how they run and jump, how geckos
climb walls and walk on ceilings, how flies avoid capture, and how an
octopus hides. These observations are crucial to finding new approaches
to locomotion and highly adaptive camouflage.
Rhex, the DARPA robot with
legs, is one result of this groundbreaking research. This prototype,
developed through research by Canadian and American technicians, has the
ability to run over rough terrain, and even swim.
The next goal is to
furnish Rhex with gecko-like feet, enabling it to climb walls and
ceilings, giving it the same mobility as these Spiderman-like reptiles.
Eventually, Rhex will have a camera and biochemical sensors to detect
substances in the atmosphere.
The hope for these
"New Age" technologies is that they will not only prevent
terrorist attacks, but also make the battleground safer for US soldiers.
Tony Tether, director of
DARPA, told the House Armed Services’ Subcommittee on Terrorism,
Unconventional Threats an Capabilities in his testimony that although
"computer technology is at the forefront in this new war on
terrorism," computers "remain fundamentally unintelligent and
difficult to use. Something dramatically different is needed." That
something different to which Tether refers is "cognitive
computing." Tether and his researchers envision new cognitive
computing systems that will be smarter, more interactive and more like
their human counterparts.
Researchers at DARPA
predict the development of systems that will have the ability to reason
in their own environment and to communicate their goals and
capabilities. The computers of the future will be able to learn and
teach and even be able to communicate with their users.
"The idea is not
simply to replace people with machines, but to team people with robots
to create a more capable, agile and cost-effective force that lowers US
casualties," Tether told the subcommittee.
A network of systems is in
development that includes manned and unmanned ground and air systems,
creating brigade sized formations "that have the lethality and
survivability of an armoured heavy force, deployability of an airborne
force, and the tactical agility of an air-assault force. Another
Pentagon group, the Technical Support Working Group (TSWG), has projects
in development to outwit efforts by would-be terrorists, including mass
transit surveillance systems, a cooling system for body armour, a
technique for extracting DNA from fingerprints, and a luggage
irradiation machine that would destroy undetected biological and
chemical weapons.
The group also is
developing a handheld explosives detector that is significantly smaller
than detectors available today.
The portability and
effectiveness of this handheld device will enable law enforcement to
identify real threats and minimize the inconveniences of false alarms.
To help penetrate complex
underground facilities and caves where adversaries hide critical assets,
US researchers are developing seismic, acoustic, electro-optical, radio
frequency, and chemical sensor technologies that will be able to tell
soldiers the purpose of each underground facility by exposing its
internal structures and vulnerabilities.
Investigators are studying
the response of sleep-deprived monkeys given a new class of drugs called
ampakines that may eliminate the negative effects of sleep deprivation.
This new class of drugs
may have positive implications for soldiers or pilots now enduring long
missions and currently being treated with traditional stimulants causing
greater side effects.
The "Smart
Shirt", which will track heart and respiration rate, body
temperature, and voice and data communication and transmit the
information to a monitoring station, holds promise for emergency medical
workers.
The US administration has
earmarked a $6 billion budget for a 10-year research plan to prevent and
prepare for a bioterrorist attack. DARPA has an annual budget of $2.5
billion and TSWG’s budget has grown from $ 8 million in 1992 to $ 111
million in 2002, to more than $ 200 million in 2003.—
PTI
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