Ruralites’ access to higher studies diminishing
Study says system accentuating inequalities
P. P. S. Gill

THE role of universities in contributing towards social mobility and change is limited because of the visible inequalities in educational opportunities. This situation perpetuates and accentuates social inequalities. This is the finding of the Department of Sociology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, culled from a study, “Social background, motivation and aspirations of higher-level students”, supervised by the Head, Dr Jaspal Singh.

It reveals that well-to-do sections of land-owning castes, who benefited from the Green Revolution, alone can afford higher education for their wards. What to speak of deprived sections of society, higher education becoming expensive is getting out of reach of even the middle classes.

Parents remain the main source of financing education and students with unsound financial background (or parents with more than two children) cannot dream of admission. Those familiar with “sangat darshan” will understand better that awareness, availability and affordability of getting children educated is receding in villages.

“Reversal of urbanisation of the rural way of life is adversely affecting the rural children’s access to opportunity for acquiring higher education. It is clear that in the near future, the inequality in educational opportunity is likely to become even more accentuated than is the case at present”.

Despite the reservation clause, children of weaker sections cannot afford admissions. Those studying come from politically and economically sound classes and castes. The upper and middle classes have monopoly over higher education. Students from schools, where the medium of instruction is English, do better. It is also an indicator of “social status”. Dr Jaspal Singh says: “There are wide gaps between attitude and behaviour.”

The access to education is restricted to a small section of society and opportunities for higher education are out of reach of the lower castes. When children move from villages to cities (hostels), families also follow educated villagers becoming urban dwellers.

Though most parents of students pursuing higher education are educated, in an environment with socio-economic and educational backwardness such in-breeding fails to spread awareness and same structure of inequality persists.

Dr Jaspal Singh says: “Economic advancement is the prime mover for higher education, besides improving matrimonial prospects. Students come from nuclear or residually joint families; the later do not exist. The students prefer to set up homes separate from their parents.”

There is hope of “small family norms” catching up as a majority of students either want small families or no children. Despite the changing social fabric, students remain steeped in “traditionality”, they are not fully “modernised”. It is a transition period. But students prefer marrying as per their parents’ choice and within their class, caste and clan. In terms of interpersonal relations among students and with teachers, “friendship” is important than “fairness”.

What do students look for their in teachers? “Knowledge” tops the list. A “friendly” teacher is better than a “fair” one. A teachers should be “compassionate” and “generous”. A feudalistic feature rather than liberal social structure! In a teacher, students prefer to see “mercy tempered with justice”.

Most students are apolitical, preferring to remain outside any student organisation. The voting choice is limited to Akalis, the Congress and the BJP

. “Students showed considerable lack of interest in politics. To them the political parties are a coalition of dynamic rival cliques and clans”, the study says.

No reason for closing B.Ed colleges
Ranveer Pratap Asija

ON the one hand, the government has announced opening a B.Ed. college at Bathinda and on the other the Minister for Higher Education has announced to close all B.Ed. colleges in Punjab. At least 6,000 government teachers retire in Punjab every year and B.Ed. colleges in the state have only 4,000 seats.

During the last three years, thousands of teachers have retired but the vacant posts have not been filled. Instead of providing trained and qualified teachers to schools, it is being planned to close B.Ed. colleges and recruit untrained, and unqualified (10+2) persons in the name of ‘contract teachers.’ Instead of recruiting graduates and postgraduates with specialised and rigorous training in teaching, the government is planning to appoint untrained undergraduates merely on contractual terms.

Every time the reason stated is lack of money. The plea to close down B.Ed. colleges is under the protect of growing unemployment among those who have passed B.Ed. The situation is otherwise.

Unemployment has been created by Correspondence courses in B.Ed. which gave B.Ed. certificates to 70,000 students. Now the number of vacancies is actually more than the number of B. Eds.

Moreover, why this sword over colleges of education? Unemployment is in every field because of reluctance on the part of the government to fill vacant posts. Does is mean the government is planning to close medical colleges, engineering colleges, polytechnic colleges?

In this way, any college can be blamed for producing unemployed graduates and postgraduates, and can be closed. This is “anti-education” and is causing severe unrest amongst educationists.

Enough has been spoken against higher education by the government.

Admission deadline

Agriculture

Jul 02 Institute of Agri Business Management, Rajastan Agricultural University: Bikaner-334006. Ph: 0151-252981.

MBA Agri Business FT (2 yrs.)

Elig: Bachelor’s in Agriculture or allied disciplines (60% agg).

Selection: 20-21 Aug. Interview & GD.

Appln F: Send Rs.830/- by DD Favouring "Director, IABM, RAU", payable at the bank of Rajastan Ltd. Beeachwal Campus, at above address or to the Associate Director Research, Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur and the Liason Officer, RAU, Room No 357, Pant Krishi Bhavan, Jaipur. At counter: Rs. 800/- (cash).

Jun 22 Gujarat Agricultural University, Sardar Krushinagar, Banaskantha (Dist.)-385506.

BTech (Dairy Tech)

Elig: 10+2 PCM & Eng (55% agg).

Test: July 2001 at the college.

Appln F: Send Rs. 105/- by DD favouring "Gujarat Agricultural University, Fund Account" to the Principal, Sheth M.C. College of Dairy Science, GAU, Anand-380110. At counter: Rs. 100/- (cash).

School of Planning, Centre for Environmental Planning & Technology, Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus, University Rd, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009.

Website: www.ceptindia.org

PG Programmes

Jun 19 (1) Construction & Project Mgt

Jun 22 (2) Urban Design

Jun 25 (3) Landscape Architecture

Jul 23 (4) Structuring Design

Elig: For (1) & (4) BE Civil/BArch or Eqiv.(2) & (3) Diploma/Bachelors recognised by CA.

Appln F: Send Rs. 300/- for (1),(2) & (4); Rs.400/- for (3) by DD favouring "Dean, CEPT", payable at Ahmedabad to the above address. Or download from website.

Jun. 30 College of Art (G/o NCT of Delhi) 20-22, Tilak Marg, New Delhi 110 001.

(1) Bachelors of Fine Arts (4 yrs)

(2) Diploma in Fine Arts (4 yrs)

(3) Master of Fine Arts (2 yrs)

(4) Post Dip in Fine Arts (2 yrs)

Elig:

(1) 10+2 (50% agg). Age: 17 yrs

(2) Deaf & Dumb with 10+2.

(3) BFA (50% agg). Age: Below 21yrs

(4) Deaf & Dumb with DFA.

Appln F: Send Rs. 300/- by crossed IPO favouring "Principal, College of Art, New Delhi" along with stamped (Rs. 30/-), self-addressed envelope (10" x 12") to the above address.

Jun 20 University of Delhi, Department of Computer Science, Arts Faculty Extension Building,Room-no.303,-110007.

PGDCA (11/2 yrs)

Elig: Graduate (50% agg).

Test: 8 July

Appln F: Send Rs. 25/- by DD favouring "Registrar, University of Delhi", Payable at SBI, Service Branch, purchased from SBI (write name and address on reverse of DD) to the Deptt of Computer Sc along with stamped (Rs.12/-), self-addressed envelope (10" x 8") to the above address.

Jun 25 Graduate School of Business & Administration, Plot HS-02, Sector: Alpha-2, Block-F, Greater Noida.

Website: www.gsbaindia.com

(1) BIT

(2) BST

(3) MCA

Elig: For.1 & 2: 10+2 with Maths/Stats, for 3: Bachelor’s degree with Maths/Stats at 10+2

Test: 8 July at different centers followed by GD & Interview.

Appln F: Send Rs. 750/- by DD favouring "Graduate School of Business & Administration", payable at Ghaziabad to the Dean, GSBA, R-8/8, Rajnagar, Ghaziabad 201001 at the above address.

Distance Education

Jul 20 Bharathiar University, School of Distance Education, Coimbatore 641046.

(1) BBM

(2) BCom (Comp Appln)

(3) BSc (Comp Sc)

(4) PG Dip in Comp Appln

(5) MA (Appld Psychol)

(6) MA (Sociol)

(7) MCom

(8) MSc (Comp Sc)

Elig:

(1) & (2): HSC

(3) & (4): HSC/Dip (3 yr) in Engg/Bachelor’s degree

(5) & (6) Bachelor’s degree

(7): Bachelor’s in Comm/Mgt/Corp Secretaryship/Banking/Eco & Stats

(8): BSc (Comp Sc)/Electron/Appld Sc/Comp Tech.

Appln F: Send Rs. 50/- by DD favouring "Director, School of Distance Educn, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore", enclosing a self-addressed envelope (24 x 30 cm). At counter: Rs.50/-(cash).

Jun 22 Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Azad Hind Fauj Marg, Sector-3, Dwarka, New Delhi-110045 & Delhi College of Engineering (DCE)

Website: www.nsit.ac.in.

BE Admission 2001-02.

Elig: CEE-Merit 2001.

Appln F: Send Rs. 350/-by DD favouring "Director, NSIT", payble at SBI Service Branch (Code -7687), New Delhi along with stamped (Rs. 50/-), self-addressed, envelope (25 x 20 cm.) to the Office-in-Charge (Academic) at the above add. (write name, add & tel no on reverse of DD).

Jun 20 Indian Institute of Technology, Bharti School of Telecommunication Technology & Management, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-10016

(1) MTech (Telecom Tech & Mgt.)

(2) MBA (Telecomm Systems Mgt)

Elig: For (1): BE/BTech/ (Electric, Electron & Commun, Comp Sc & Engg) GATE Score (Electron & Commun): 75 percentile.

For (2): JMET 2000 (FT) and other IIT criteria as per Brochure.

Appln F: Send Rs. 300/-by DD favouring "Registrar, IIT Delhi" along with stamped (Rs.12/-), self-addressed envelope (25 x 20 cm) to the Assistant Registrar (PGS & R) at the above address.

Jun 30 Maulana Azad College of Technology, Bhopal 462007 (MP) (Autonom REC)

Postgraduate Admission 2001-02

MTech/MArch (FT: 11/2 yrs, PT: 21/2 yrs) in various disciplines.

Elig: GATE merit

Appln F: Send Rs. 100/- by crossed DD/IPO payable to MACT, Bhopal at above add.

Jul 02 RL Institute of Nautical Sciences, TVR Nagar, Aruppukottai Road, Madurai-625022, Tamil Nadu with BITS, Pilani.

Website: www.bits-pilani.ac.in

Bachelors in Marine Engineering (4 yrs)

Elig: 10+2 PCM (50% agg) Age: below 20 yrs

Appln F: Send Rs. 500/- by DD favouring "RL Institute of Nautical Sciences" payable at Madurai.

Aug 11 Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, 5th Mile, Tadong-737102.

Website: www.manipal.edu

BE, BCA & MSc (Appl Physics)

Elig: For Bachelors: 10+2 PCM (50% agg). For Masters: BSc (H) Phy/B.Sc (Gen).

Appln F: Send Rs. 300/- by DD favouring "Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Gangtok" payable at Gangtok to the above address.

Jun 25 University of Lucknow, Faculty of Law, Badshah Bagh, Lucknow-226007 (UP)

LLB (3 yrs & 5 yrs), MBL, MLPM, EPL, CPL, DLPM, PGDC & PGDCPA

Test: 30 June - 1 July.

Appln: Send Rs.250/- by DD favouring "F.O, LULAT, Lucknow University, Lucknow" to the Cashier Office, CPMT Building, Lucknow to the above address. At counter: Rs.200/-(cash). For details, see Information Brochure.

Jul 30 Indian Institute of Human Rights, Green Gate, A 14-15-16 Paryavaran Complex, South of Saket, Maidangarhi Marg, New Delhi-110030.

Website: www.technologyindia.edu/human.

PG Programme in Human Rights (2 yrs corresp)

Elig: Bachelor’s degree.

Test: At 30 centers including Kolkata, Chandigarh, Delhi, Chennai.

Appln F: Send Rs. 45/- by DD favouring "Indian Institute of Human Rights", payable at New Delhi to above address. At counter: Rs. 45/-(cash).

June 30 Narsee Monjee Instt of Management Studies, V L Mehta Rd, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056.

Website: www.nmims.edu

(1) PG Dip in Family Business Mgt

(2) Diploma in Family Managed Business Admin

Elig: For (1):Bachelor’s degree & sponsorship from family Business.

For (2): Bachelor’s Degree/Post-HSC Diploma.

Appln F: Rs. 500/- (cash) at counter.

Jun 18 Acharya Narendra Dev College, (Univ of Delhi), Govindpuri Kalkaji, New Delhi-110001

B.Sc (Hons) Bio-Med Sc

Elig: 10+2 PCB (50% agg).

Test: June 24.

Appln F: Send Rs.300/- by DD favouring Principal, Acharya Narendra Dev College, payable at Punjab National Bank, Kalkaji Branch, New Delhi (0156), with stamped (Rs.12/-), self-addressed envelope.

Jun 30 Dharamshila Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Vasundhara Enclave, Delhi-10096. Tel. 2617771-75.

DNB Medical Oncology (3 yrs)

Elig: MD Medicine/Paediatrics.

Appln F: Send Rs.500/- by DD favouring "Dharamshila Cancer Hospital & Research Centre" at the above address.

CARING (Career Information & Guidance), New Delhi

CAREER QUERIES HOTLINE
Pervin Malhotra, Tribune’s career expert, answers all your career queries.

A Listed below are institutes that offer courses in Leather Design and Technology:

Dr BR Ambedkar Regional Engineering College, P.O. REC, Jalandhar 144011

ALT Training College, Kaikondanahalli, Sarjapur Road, Near Bellabdur Gate, Carmelram Post Office, Bangalore 560035.

Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600025.

AVI School of Fashion & Shoe Technology, S.C.O. 493-94, 2nd Floor, Sector 35-C, Chandigarh.

Bharath Institute of Science & Technology (Univ of Madras), 173 Agharam Road, Selaiyur PO, Chennai 600073.

Central Footwear Training Institute (CFTI) (a GoI Society), 65/1 GST Road, Guindy, Chennai 600032.

Central Footwear Training Institute (CFTI), Agra.

Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020

College of Leather Technology, LB Block, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700091,

Footwear Design & Development Institute (FDDI), A 10A, Sector 24, Noida 201301, UP.

Harcourt Butter Technological Institute (Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj Univ), Kanpur 208002

Indian Institute of Leather Products (IILP), 102, Mangalapuram, SIDCO Industrial Estate, Ambattur, Chennai 600098.

Muzaffarpur Institute of Techonology (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar Univ), Muzaffarpur 842003.

National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016,

Priyadarshini Engineering College (Univ of Madras) Anna Salai, Konamedu, Vaniyambadi 635751, Vellore Distt.

Prototype Development & Training Centre (PDTC), National Small Industries Development Organisation, Guindy Industrial Estate, Ekkaduthangal PO, Chennai 600097.

A IGNOU does not offer a BBA through correspondence. However, the following universities offer BBA through Distance Learning Programs:

Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University, Red Cross Bhawan, Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal - 462016.

Annamalai University, Directorate of Distance Education, Annamalainagar - 608002.

Mother Teresa Women’s University, School of Distance Education , Kodaikanal - 624102.

Maduari Kamaraj University, Directorate of Distance Education, University Buildings, Palkalainagar, Madurai - 625021.

Kurukshetra University, Directorate of Correspondence Courses, Kurukshetra - 136119.

University of Calicut, School of Distance Education, Calicut University P.O. 673635.

Baarakatullah Vishwavidyalaya, Institute of Open and Distance Education, Bhopal - 462026.

University of Madras, Institute of Correspondence Education, Chepauk, Chennai - 600005.

Pondicherry University, Directorate of Distance Education, University Campus, Kalapet, Pondicherry - 605014.

A After a degree in engineering you have several opportunities depending on your interest and area of specialization.

By far the largest area of employment for engineers lies in manufacturing - a broad term which embraces the following : Production Engineering, Production Management, Production Planning & Control, Industrial Engineering, Quality Assurance, Manufacturing systems Analysis.

You could work in the area of Research, Design & Development (designing and testing of prototype equipment to ensure that it meets the specifications and modifying it suitably.

You could also work in the field of Erection & Commissioning. Though usually linked together, these can be carried out as separate functions. Erection covers the installation of a large-scale plant. This also involves control of labour and organizing the flow of material to the site. Commissioning involves putting the plant into working order in keeping with the client’s requirements.

A large number of engineers also work in the field of maintenance and servicing of plants, machinery and high tech equipment.

Engineers are also recruited to all the three services of the Armed Forces.

Alternatively, as is the trend today, you could go in for an MBA to add value to your technical skills and improve your employability and career prospects. While techno-managers are in great demand in manufacturing organizations, others branch out into sales and marketing.

You could even decide to go in for higher studies or teach in the various engineering polytechnics and colleges in India and abroad.

Please send in your query preferably on a postcard along with your name, complete address and academic qualifications to: 
Editor, Career Hotline, The Tribune, Sector 29, Chandigarh.

FORTNIGHTLY QUIZ-133

1. Who won this year's men's French Open doubles title?

2. Who has been crowned the King of Nepal?

3. Which party was recently voted back to power for a second consecutive term for the first time in 100 years in the British general elections?

4. Name the creator of the world famous comic strip Dennis the Menace.

5. Who recently won Iran's presidential elections?

6. Name the first prototype of the NASA aircraft intended to revolutionise travel and shatter speed records that was recently destroyed during its maiden flight.

7. Name the Centre's interlocutor on the Kashmir problem.

8. Name the multi-barrel rocket systems (MLRs) which India is to buy from Russia.

9. Name the author of the masterpiece Ulysses.

10. What is the capital of Argentina?

11. In which state is the Hemkunt Sahib gurdwara situated?

12. With which sport is the Sudirman cup associated?

13. Who has been named the best chess player of the century by the Chess Informant International magazine?

14. Name the winner of this year's women's French Open title.

15. Who recently became the first man to break the 9000-point barrier in decathlon?

To participate in the quiz, please send your name, class and school address.

Winners of quiz 132:
Total entries received were 604. 234 entrants gave all correct answers.

The first prize by draw of lots goes to Kulbir Singh, XII-A, Air Force Public School, Ambala.

Second: Manmeet S Sidhu, VIII-C, St Joseph Convent Secondary School, Civil Lines, Bathinda-151001. Third: Shrish Gupta, IX-C, St Luke's Senior Secondary School, Solan-173212.

Answers to quiz 132: J.M. Lyngdoh, Erik Weihenmayer,Temba Tsheri Sherpa (youngest) and Sherman Bull (oldest), Colonel K.Kumar, Sir Paul Condon, Vijaywada, Tarun Gogoi, Michael Bay, USA, Indian Museum (Kolkata), Japan, Cuttack, Football, Burton Silver, Kuala Lumpur.

Cash awards of Rs 400, 300 and 200 are given to the first, second and third prize winners, respectively. These are sent at the school address.

— Tarun Sharma

Lesson in English
By W. L. Gordon

Words often misused:

Do not say, “Mathematics do not appeal to me.” Say, “Mathematics does not appeal to me.”

Often mispronounced:

Beirut (capital of Lebanon). Pronounced “bay-root” with an accept on the first syllable preferred.

Often misspelled:

The plural of “ally” is “allies.”

The plural of “alley” is ““alleys.”

Synonyms:

Gradual (adjective) — continuous, moderate, progressive, regular, slow, intermittent, step-by-step.

Word study:

“Use a word three times and it is yours.” Let us increase our vocabulary by mastering one word each day.

Today’s word: Subliminal (adjective) — imperceptible; insufficiently strong to be felt; existing below the threshold of conscious awareness. Pronounced “sub-lim-i-nal” with an accent on the second syllable.

E.g. “They employed certain subliminal advertising techniques.”

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